Psych Exam 3 pt.7 Flashcards
Romanian/Budapest orphanage studies: Know effects of age on risk of cognitive and social
impairment (sensitive period info)
the age at which a child is removed from an institutionalized environment significantly impacts their cognitive and social development, highlighting a critical “sensitive period” during early childhood where attachment and proper care are crucial for optimal development; children placed in nurturing environments before the age of 6 months generally showed better outcomes compared to those placed later, indicating that the first few years of life are particularly sensitive to deprivation and have lasting effects on brain development and social interaction
Petersburg, Russia study: what the intervention was and the effects of the intervention
was a developmental psychology intervention conducted in Russian orphanages, where researchers aimed to improve the quality of caregiver-child interactions by training caregivers to be more responsive and sensitive, leading to significant improvements in the children’s social-emotional development, cognitive abilities, and even physical growth compared to children in standard institutional care
What are the three stresses?
positive, tolerable, and toxic stress
What is positive stress?
It is a brief increase in heart rate, mild elevations in stress hormone levels
What is tolerable stress?
Serious, temporary stress responses, buffered by supportive relationships
What is toxic stress?
Prolonged activation of stress response system, ms in the absence of protective relationships
What are some long-term stress impacts?
Chronic stress hypothesis causes long-term heightened cortisol which impacts one growth and health
What is the Allostatic Load
It is caused by an immense amount of repeated stress which leads to wear and tear on organs and high cortisol and adrenalin
what was the ACE study?
It is the Adverse Childhood Experience scores where they are asked about Abuse, Neglect, and Household dysfunction. This scores can predict the leading to health diseases such as cancer, unemployment and homelessness, delinquency, and re-victimization
what is trauma?
an event or series of events that cause intense physical and psychological stress, and have lasting negative effects on a person’s well-beingv
What are some trauma responses in different ages of children
When children have a traumatic experience, they react in both physiological and psychological ways. Their heart rate may increase, and they may begin to sweat, feel agitated and hyper alert, feel “butterflies” in their stomach, and become emotionally upset.
What is the relationship between separation and attachment?
Separation refers to the physical act of being removed from an attachment figure, like a caregiver, while attachment is the emotional bond formed between individuals, meaning that separation directly impacts the strength and quality of an attachment, especially when a child is separated from their primary caregiver, often causing distress and potentially leading to insecure attachment styles if the separation is prolonged or traumatic; essentially, the more secure the attachment, the easier it is to manage separation anxiety.
