Psych Exam 3 pt. 5 Flashcards
What is temperament
an individual’s characteristic style of responding to the world, including their emotional and behavioral tendencies such as emotion expression an reactivity, activity, and attention/ focus
Does temperament focus on individual differences
yes it does
What are Rothbart and Bates five dimensions in which children are rated
Fear/fearful distress, irritable distress due to anger, frustration, attention span(focus)(persistence), Activity level, and smiling and laughter ( positive affectivity)
What are the three type of children that Thomas and Chess observed
easy children, Difficult children, and slow-to-warm- up children
What do you need to know about easy children?
They are very happy, they can easily recover from distress, and they follow regular routines (40%)
What do you need to know about difficult children?
They are high in fearful distress and take time to adjust to new experiences, react negatively and intensely when in distress, and follow irregular routines (10%) these children are known to develop behavioral problems
What do you need to know about slow-to-warm-up children?
they have low activity, and low reactions to their environment, have low positive affectivity but are high in fearful distress, and have good adjustment after repeated exposure (15%) they can experience adjustment problems by the time of school age
What do you need to know about the Dunedin Study?
How negative unregulated children experience life, not good
What do you need to know about the Kagan study?
30% of children in the extreme group retained their temperamental style
What is heritability?
the extent to which individuals differences can be explained by genetic differences
What is a shared environment?
Environmental differences between families (shared by family members) for example comparing one family to another
What is a non-shared environment?
Environmental differences within families
What are some home studies that were conducted in twin studies
CHAOS test and the LEOS test
What is the CHAOS survey?
The home environment measures moderated the heritability of children’s personalities (mother)
What is the LEOS survey?
it tests the heritability of negative affectivity (observer)
