Psych drugs Flashcards
What are the typical antipsychotics?
- Haloperidol
- Chlorpromazine
- Flupentixol decanoate (depot)
- Zuclopenthixol
- Sulpride
What are the atypical antipsychotics?
- Aripiprazole
- Olanzapine
- Quetiapine
- Clozapine
- Risperidone
Which antipsychotic drug is most likely to cause weight gain?
Olanzapine
What are the risks associated with clozapine?
- Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
- Constipation
- Hyper-salivation
- Tachycardia
What are the side effects of Lithium?
LITHIUM
- Leukocytosis
- Insipidus (diabetic)
- Tremors
- Hypothyroidism
- Increased urine
- Moms beware (teratogenic)
What’s the relationship between antipsychotics and dopamine?
Antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists
When can clozapine be offered?
When 2 or more treatments have been tried unsuccessfully
Typical or atypical antipsychotics:
More metabolic side effects?
Atypical
Typical or atypical antipsychotics:
Strong blockers of dopamine D2 receptors
Typical
Typical or atypical antipsychotics:
More motor side effects
Typical
Typical or atypical antipsychotics:
Greater risk of causing acute dystonic reaction
Typical
What type of side effects do you get with blocking the nigrostriatal pathway? Give some examples?
Extra-pyramidal side effects (movement side effects)
- Acute dystonia
- Parkinsonian symptoms
- Akathisia
- Tardive dyskinesia
What 4 pathways form the dopaminergic system
- Mesolimbic tract
- Mesocortical tract
- Nigrostriatal tract
- Tuberoinfundibular tract
What is a side effect of blocking the tuberoinfundibular pathway?
Hyperprolactinaemia
What is a side effect of blocking the mesolimbic pathway?
Reduced ability to feel pleasure
What is a side effect of blocking the mesocortical pathway?
Increasing the negative symptoms of psychosis
1) What is the role of benzodiazepines?
2) When are the indicated?
1) Sedative (reduce anxiety and improve sleep) and reduce the amount of antipsychotics needed
2) Severe anxiety, insomnia, psychotic illness
Give 5 mood stabilisers
- Lithium
- Carbamazepine
- Valporate
- Lamotrigine
- Gabapentin
Which drugs increase 5-HT
SSRIs
What receptors do atypical antipsychotics work on?
D2, D3, D4, 5-HT
What medication reduces alcohol craving?
Acamprosate
What medication makes people feel sick when they drink alcohol?
Disulfiram
What medication is used to manage the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
Chlordiazepoxide
What do you need to monitor when starting or changing the dose of SNRIs?
BP - can cause HTN
What do you need to get when starting citalopram? Why?
ECG - QT elongation
What do you need to monitor when starting SSRIs?
U&Es - risk of hyponatraemia
What antipsychotic increases the threshold for seizures?
Clozapine
What antipsychotic dose may need adjusting with a change in smoking status?
Clozapine
What drug is used for opioid detox?
Methadone
What drug relieves opioid withdrawal?
Lofexidine
What drug prevents opioid relapse?
Naltrexone
What drug is treatment of opioid overdose?
Naloxone
What drug reduces nicotine craving?
Varenicline
What drug reduces pleasure from nicotine?
Bupropion
Give 3 examples of dopamine agonists?
- Ropinirole
- Bromocriptine
- Cabergoline
Give 3 examples of MAOis?
- Isocarboxazid
- Phenelzine
- Selegiline
What antipsychotic fucks with blood glucose?
Olanzapine
How does naltrexone decrease the pleasurable effect of alcohol?
Acts as an opioid antagonist
How does acamprosate reduce alcohol craving?
Enhances GABA transmission
How does disulfiram cause unpleasant symptoms on consumption of alcohol?
Causes acetaldehyde to build up
