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3a > Paeds infection > Flashcards

Paeds infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of viral gastroenteritis?

A
  • Rotavirus
  • Noravirus
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2
Q

What’s the likely causative organism of gastroenteritis that is caused by eating leftover room temperature rice and that resolves in 24hrs?

A

Bacillus cereus

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3
Q

What are other bacterial causes of gastroenteritis?

A
  • E coli
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
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4
Q

What is encopresis? What is it usually a sign of?

A
  • Faecal incontinence
  • Chronic constipation
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5
Q

When can children with Scarlett fever go to school?

A

24 hrs after abx

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6
Q

When can children with measles go to school?

A

4 days from onset of rash

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7
Q

When can children with whooping cough go to school?

A

48 hrs from abx

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8
Q

When can children with rubella go to school?

A

5 days from onset of rash

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9
Q

What other symptoms do you get with measles?

A

CCCK
- cough
- conjunctivitis
- coryza
- koplik’s spots

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10
Q

Describe a typical measles rash and how it presents

A
  • Erythematous, macular rash with flat lesions
  • Fever
  • Rash starting on face
  • Rash spreads to rest of body
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11
Q

Describe a typical Scarlett fever rash and how it presents

A
  • A red-pink, blotchy, macular rash with rough “sandpaper” skin
  • Starts on the trunk
  • Spreads outwards
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12
Q

What are other features of Scarlett fever?

A
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Red, flushed cheeks
  • Sore throat
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy
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13
Q

What is the treatment of Scarlett fever?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) for 10 days

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14
Q

Describe a typical rubella rash and how it presents

A
  • A erythematous macular rash (milder than in measles)
  • The rash starts on the face
  • Spreads to the rest of the body.
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15
Q

How long does a rubella rash typically last?

A

3 days

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16
Q

How long following exposure do measles symptoms present?

A

10-12 days after exposure

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17
Q

What are the initial symptoms of measles?

A

Fever, coryzal symptoms and conjunctivitis

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18
Q

How long following fever does a measles rash present?

A

3-5 days

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19
Q

What can rubella in pregnancy lead to? What triad of symptoms is this characterised by?

A
  • Congenital rubella syndrome
  • Triad of deafness, blindness and congenital heart disease
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20
Q

What is the management of rubella?

A

Management is supportive and the condition is self limiting

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21
Q

What are 2 other names for parvovirus B19?

A
  • Slapped cheek syndrome
  • Erythema infectiosum
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22
Q

Describe a typical parvovirus B19 rash and how it presents?

A
  • A bright red rash on both cheeks, as though they have “slapped cheeks”
  • A few days later a mildly erythematous rash affecting the trunk and limbs appears that can be raised and itchy
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23
Q

What is the management of parvovirus B19?

A

The illness is self limiting and the rash and symptoms usually fade over 1 - 2 wks

24
Q

What is roseola infantum caused by?

A

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)

25
Q

What is the more common cause of roseola infantum?

A

HHV-6

26
Q

What is the typical pattern of illness in roseola infantum?

A
  • High fever that comes on suddenly and lasts 3-5 days
  • Rash when the fever settles
27
Q

Describe a typical roseola infantum rash

A
  • Mild erythematous macular rash across the arms, legs, trunk and face
  • Rash is not itchy
28
Q

What is hand, foot and mouth disease caused by?

A

Coxsackie A virus

29
Q

True/false - hand, foot and mouth disease self resolves?

A

True

30
Q

When do chicken pox lesions stop being contagious?

A

When they crust over

31
Q

What is a serious complication of chicken pox? How might this present?

A

Encephalitis, ataxia

32
Q

What is the management of scabies?

A

Treat everyone in the house with Permethrin

33
Q

What is the management of meningococcal sepsis in a child <3 month?

A

Ceftaxime + amoxicillin

34
Q

What is second line for house contacts of meningococcal disease?

A

Rifampicin twice a day for 2 days

35
Q

LP contraindications

A
  • Raised ICP
  • Coagulation abnormalities
  • Local superficial infection
  • Extensive purpura
  • Respiratory insufficiency
36
Q

What is the management of meningococcal sepsis in a child <3 month?

A

Ceftaxime + amoxicillin

37
Q

What is second line for house contacts of meningococcal disease?

A

Rifampicin twice a day for 2 days

38
Q

LP contraindications

A
  • Raised ICP
  • Coagulation abnormalities
  • Local superficial infection
  • Extensive purpura
  • Respiratory insufficiency
39
Q

Give some complications of measles

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Otitis media
  • Encephalitis
  • Diarrhoeal illness
  • Vit A deficiency -> blindness
40
Q

Complication of mumps?

A

Orchitis

41
Q

Drug of choice for bacterial tonsillitis if penicillin allergy?

A

Clarithromycin

42
Q

What does EBV commonly cause?

A

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

43
Q

A teenager with a sore throat takes amoxicillin. They develop an extremely itchy rash. What is the cause? What other abx can trigger this?

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Cefalosporins
44
Q

What antibodies are produced in infectious mononucleosis? How long can it take for these to be produced? What 2 tests can be used to identify these?

A
  • Heterophile antibodies
  • 6 weeks
  • Monospot and Paul-Bunnell tests
45
Q

What is the management of infectious mononucleosis? What are 2 things you should avoid with it?

A
  • Supportive (self limiting in 2-3 weeks)
  • Alcohol and contact sports (splenic rupture)
46
Q

What gland swells in mumps? Is the swelling unilateral or bilateral?

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Can be either
47
Q

How do you confirm mumps?

A

PCR testing on a saliva swab

48
Q

Give 4 complications of mumps

A
  • Pancreatitis
  • Orchitis
  • Meningitis
  • Sensorineural hearing loss
49
Q

What are 2 less common causes of infectious mononucleosis?

A

CMV, HHV-6

50
Q

What is the management of sepsis in an <3 month old?

A
  • IV benzylpenicillin + gentamycin
51
Q

What’s included in the 6-in-1 vaccine?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis, HiB, hep B

52
Q

What’s included in the 4-in-1 vaccine?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis

53
Q

What’s included in the 3-in-1 vaccine?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, polio

54
Q

What’s included in the 2-in-1 vaccine?

A

HiB, meningococcal type C

55
Q

What is Scarlet fever commonly associated with?

A

Group A strep infection e.g. tonsillitis

56
Q

What sign is pathognomonic for measles?

A

Koplik spots

57
Q

What causes slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Parovirus B19

3a (34 decks)

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