Paeds derm Flashcards
Describe a typical measles rash and how it presents
- Erythematous, macular rash with flat lesions
- Fever
- Rash starting on face
- Rash spreads to rest of body
Describe a typical Scarlett fever rash and how it presents
- A red-pink, blotchy, macular rash with rough “sandpaper” skin
- Starts on the trunk
- Spreads outwards
Describe a typical rubella rash and how it presents
- A erythematous macular rash (milder than in measles)
- The rash starts on the face
- Spreads to the rest of the body.
Describe a typical parvovirus B19 rash and how it presents?
- A bright red rash on both cheeks, as though they have “slapped cheeks”
- A few days later a mildly erythematous rash affecting the trunk and limbs appears that can be raised and itchy
Describe a typical roseola infantum rash
- Mild erythematous macular rash across the arms, legs, trunk and face
- Rash is not itchy
What happens in Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
A disproportional immune response results in epidermal necrosis
What medications can cause SJS?
- Anti-epileptics
- Antibiotics
- Allopurinol
- NSAIDs
What infections can cause SJS?
- Herpes simplex
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Cytomegalovirus
- HIV
What is the steroid ladder from weakest to most potent?
Mild: Hydrocortisone
Moderate: Eumovate (clobetasone butyrate)
Potent: Betnovate (betamethasone)
Very potent: Dermovate (clobetasol propionate)
What is the most common cause of bacterial skin infection in patients with eczema? What is the abx of choice?
Staph aureus, flucloxacillin
What is Eczema herpeticum?
A viral skin infection in patients with eczema caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV)
How do you differentiated between infected eczema and eczema herpeticum? What is the treatment of both
- Infected eczema - pain/pus/crusts point to bacterial cause. Tx = antibiotics (normally staph aureus infection so fluclox.)
- Eczema herpeticum - painful vesicles and ‘punched out erosions’. Tx = IV acyclovir
What is another name for naves flammeus?
Port wine stain
What is another name for cavernous haemangioma?
Strawberry naevus
When does cavernous haemangioma typically present?
Within 1 month of life - not present at birth
What is impetigo?
Superficial bacterial skin infection caused by staph aureus
How can impetigo be classified?
Bullous vs non-bulbous
Non-bullous impetigo:
1. Features?
2. Step-wise management?
- Occurs around nose/mouth, exudate forms golden crust, don’t normally causes systemic symptoms
- I) Antiseptic cream (hydrogen peroxide 1%)
II) Topical fusidic acid
III) Oral flucloxacillin
Bullous impetigo:
1. Presentation?
2. Management?
3. What can severe infection cause?
- 1-2 fluid filled vesicles form on skin, these grow in size then burst -> golden crust, can cause systemic symptoms
- I) Oral flucloxacillin
II) IV flucloxacillin - Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
What sign is +ve in scalded skin syndrome?
Nikolsky’s sign (epidermal layer easily comes off with pressure)
What is the management of head lice?
- Special fine combs
- Dimeticone 4% lotion -> apply to hair for 8 hrs and wash off, repeat process 7 days later
