Geris Flashcards
Give 3 tools for assessing frailty?
- Clinical frailty score
- PRISMA 7
- Gait speed test
Give 4 risk factors for delirium
- Hip fracture
- > 65
- Dementia
- Severe illness
Give 4 metabolic causes of delirium
- Raised calcium
- Low sodium
- Thyroid (hyper/hypo)
- LFTs - raised ammonia
What medication increase osteoporosis risk?
- Corticosteriods
- SSRIs
- PPIs
- Anti-epileptics
- Anti-oestrogens
What blood tests is a marker of nutritional status?
Serum albumin
What type of dementia are people with Down’s syndrome more at risk of? Why?
- AD
- Already have temporal lobe atrophy
What does the DSM-IV criteria say is required for a dx of dementia?
Clear evidence of cognitive decline (MMSE/MOCA) PLUS…
- One of; aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, reduced executive function
- Symptoms interfere with work/social functioning
- Gradual onset and decline
- Not delirium
- No organic cause
- Not due to MHC
What parts of the brain are primarily affected in AD? What compensation occurs?
- Frontal and temporal lobes
- Compensatory dilation of lateral ventricles -> hydrocephalus
What characteristic motor sign do you get in vascular dementia?
Marche a petits pas - shuffling gait with small steps
- Can be called atherosclerotic PD
What is another name of frontotemporal dementia?
Picks disease
Which other subtype of dementia can be managed like AD?
LBD
What does a disimpaction regime involve?
Macrogol laxative (polyethylene glycol) and electrolytes
What is example of a osmotic laxative?
Lactulose
What is example of a stimulant laxative?
Senna
When are bulk forming laxatives indicated?
If they have hard stools and fibre cannot be increased in the diet
What is second line for faecal impaction?
Stimulant laxative
What is indicated by dark brown urine following long lie?
Rhabdomyolysis
What CSF results are seen in viral meningitis?
- Clear CSF
- Normal glucose
- Normal protein
- Raised lymphocytes
What is Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) used to diagnose? What is required for diagnosis?
- Used to diagnose delirium
- Require points 1 and 2 and either 3/4
1. Acute onset and fluctuating course
2. Inattention
3. Disorganised thinking
4. Alteration in consciousness
