Psych Disorders Flashcards
What is psychopathology
Psychopathology refers to problematic patterns of thought feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individual sense of well-being or social or occupational functioning
Describe labelling theory
Labelling theory argues that diagnosis is a way of stigmatising deviance
Describe mental health, mental health problems, and mental disorders
Mental health is the capacity of individuals to behave in ways that promote that emotional and social well-being. Mental health problems include the wide range of emotional and behavioural abnormalities that affect people throughout their lives. A mental disorder implies the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that cause distress to the individual and repair their ability to function as usual.
What is the difference between societies about hearing voices
Western means intrusive, South Indian means guidance, west-africana means morality
List 11 diagnostic categories of DSM-5
- Anxiety Disorders
- Mood disorders
- schizophrenia
- obsessive-compulsive disorders
- personality disorders
- dissociative disorders
- eating disorders
- trauma-related disorders
- conduct disorders
- substance-related disorders
- somatic symptom disorders
What is ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterised by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity inappropriate for the child’s age
Explains schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders involve disturbances in thought, perception, behaviour, language, communication and emotion.
Explain the positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms include disorganised and psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations). Negative symptoms are related to the chronic and include flat affect, lack of motivation, peculiar or withdrawn interpersonal behaviour.
What is the diathesis stress model of schizophrenia
Heritability of schizophrenia is at least 50%
What are depressive disorders
Depressive disorders are characterised by disturbances in emotion and mood as well as cognitive and somatic difficulties. The most severe form of depression is major depressive disorder, characterised by depressed mood and loss of interest in pleasurable activities
What is bipolar
Bipolar disorders include bad depression hypomanic/manic states.
What is persistent depressive disorder
Dysthymia refers to a chronic low level depression lasting more than two years with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months.
What is the common ground between depressive disorders and bipolar disorder
And bipolar disorder individuals have hypomanic episodes and may also experience intense depression
Explain seasonal affective disorder
In seasonal affective disorder mood and behaviour changes with regular seasonal climatic variation
Serotonin and norepinephrine have been implicated in what
Both major depression and bipolar disorder. However both childhood and adult experiences also played a significant role in aetiology and caused me disorders
What did cognitive theory suggest about depression
According to cognitive theories dysfunctional thought patterns play a crucial role in depression and this negative outlook is called the negative triad
What are cognitive distortions
Depressed people transform neutral or positive information into depressive cognitions through cognitive distortions
Explain anxiety disorders
In anxiety disorders people experience frequent intense and irrational anxiety.
Explain generalised anxiety disorder and phobias
Generalised anxiety disorder is characterised by persistent anxiety and excessive worry about life circumstances a common type of phobia (irrational fear) is social anxiety disorder, which occurs when the person is on a specific social or performance situation
What is panic disorder and agoraphobia
Panic disorder is characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation. Agoraphobia involves a fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult
Explain obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessions
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is marked by recurrent obsessions (persistent thoughts or ideas) and compulsions (stereotyped acts of performed in response to an obsession)
What is post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is marked by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event outside the range of usual human experience
Explain disassociation and disassociative disorders
A central feature of a class of disorders akin to PTSD is disassociation whereby significant aspects of experience are kept separate and distinct (disassociated) in memory and consciousness
What’s dissociative identity disorder
The most severe disassociative disorder is disassociative identity disorder popularly known as multiple personality disorder
Explain personality disorders
Personality disorders are characterised by enduring maladaptive patterns of thoughts feelings and behaviours that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning
Explain borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic Moodswings, and on staple centre identity. Antisocial personality disorder is marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour
Explain paranoid personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is when someone is suspicious mistrusting loyalties and holding grudges. Narcissistic personality disorder is when somebody is arrogant self-entitled envious and interpersonally exploitative
Explain eating disorders
- Disordered cognition/behaviours relating to food
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Health implications (e.g., brittle bones, heart attack, death)
Explain - Bulimia Nervosa
- binge-and-purge syndrome
- Gorges on food followed by purging behaviour
- vomiting
- laxatives
- Momentary feelings of relief, leading to depression and feelings of being out of control
- Gorges on food followed by purging behaviour
