Psych Disorders

Question 1

What is psychopathology

Answer 1

Psychopathology refers to problematic patterns of thought feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individual sense of well-being or social or occupational functioning

Question 2

Describe labelling theory

Answer 2

Labelling theory argues that diagnosis is a way of stigmatising deviance

Question 3

Describe mental health, mental health problems, and mental disorders

Answer 3

Mental health is the capacity of individuals to behave in ways that promote that emotional and social well-being. Mental health problems include the wide range of emotional and behavioural abnormalities that affect people throughout their lives. A mental disorder implies the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that cause distress to the individual and repair their ability to function as usual.

Question 4

What is the difference between societies about hearing voices

Answer 4

Western means intrusive, South Indian means guidance, west-africana means morality

Question 5

List 11 diagnostic categories of DSM-5

Answer 5

• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood disorders
• schizophrenia
• obsessive-compulsive disorders
• personality disorders
• dissociative disorders
• eating disorders
• trauma-related disorders
• conduct disorders
• substance-related disorders
• somatic symptom disorders

Question 6

What is ADHD

Answer 6

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterised by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity inappropriate for the child’s age

Question 7

Explains schizophrenia

Answer 7

Schizophrenia is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders involve disturbances in thought, perception, behaviour, language, communication and emotion.

Question 8

Explain the positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 8

Positive symptoms include disorganised and psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations). Negative symptoms are related to the chronic and include flat affect, lack of motivation, peculiar or withdrawn interpersonal behaviour.

Question 9

What is the diathesis stress model of schizophrenia

Answer 9

Heritability of schizophrenia is at least 50%

Question 10

What are depressive disorders

Answer 10

Depressive disorders are characterised by disturbances in emotion and mood as well as cognitive and somatic difficulties. The most severe form of depression is major depressive disorder, characterised by depressed mood and loss of interest in pleasurable activities

Question 11

What is bipolar

Answer 11

Bipolar disorders include bad depression hypomanic/manic states.

Question 12

What is persistent depressive disorder

Answer 12

Dysthymia refers to a chronic low level depression lasting more than two years with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months.

Question 13

What is the common ground between depressive disorders and bipolar disorder

Answer 13

And bipolar disorder individuals have hypomanic episodes and may also experience intense depression

Question 14

Explain seasonal affective disorder

Answer 14

In seasonal affective disorder mood and behaviour changes with regular seasonal climatic variation

Question 15

Serotonin and norepinephrine have been implicated in what

Answer 15

Both major depression and bipolar disorder. However both childhood and adult experiences also played a significant role in aetiology and caused me disorders

Question 16

What did cognitive theory suggest about depression

Answer 16

According to cognitive theories dysfunctional thought patterns play a crucial role in depression and this negative outlook is called the negative triad

Question 17

What are cognitive distortions

Answer 17

Depressed people transform neutral or positive information into depressive cognitions through cognitive distortions

Question 18

Explain anxiety disorders

Answer 18

In anxiety disorders people experience frequent intense and irrational anxiety.

Question 19

Explain generalised anxiety disorder and phobias

Answer 19

Generalised anxiety disorder is characterised by persistent anxiety and excessive worry about life circumstances a common type of phobia (irrational fear) is social anxiety disorder, which occurs when the person is on a specific social or performance situation

Question 20

What is panic disorder and agoraphobia

Answer 20

Panic disorder is characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation. Agoraphobia involves a fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult

Question 21

Explain obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessions

Answer 21

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is marked by recurrent obsessions (persistent thoughts or ideas) and compulsions (stereotyped acts of performed in response to an obsession)

Question 22

What is post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 22

Post-traumatic stress disorder is marked by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event outside the range of usual human experience

Question 23

Explain disassociation and disassociative disorders

Answer 23

A central feature of a class of disorders akin to PTSD is disassociation whereby significant aspects of experience are kept separate and distinct (disassociated) in memory and consciousness

Question 24

What’s dissociative identity disorder

Answer 24

The most severe disassociative disorder is disassociative identity disorder popularly known as multiple personality disorder

Question 25

Explain personality disorders

Answer 25

Personality disorders are characterised by enduring maladaptive patterns of thoughts feelings and behaviours that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning

Question 26

Explain borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder

Answer 26

Borderline personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic Moodswings, and on staple centre identity. Antisocial personality disorder is marked by irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour

Question 27

Explain paranoid personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 27

Paranoid personality disorder is when someone is suspicious mistrusting loyalties and holding grudges. Narcissistic personality disorder is when somebody is arrogant self-entitled envious and interpersonally exploitative

Question 27

Explain eating disorders

Answer 27

• Disordered cognition/behaviours relating to food
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Health implications (e.g., brittle bones, heart attack, death)

Question 28

Explain - Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 28

• binge-and-purge syndrome
  
  • Gorges on food followed by purging behaviour
    
    • vomiting
    • laxatives
  • Momentary feelings of relief, leading to depression and feelings of being out of control