psych chapt 13 review

Question 1

social psychologists study how people influence others’ __________ , ___________ and, _____________, for good and bad

Answer 1

behaviour; beliefs; attitudes

Question 2

the idea that we have a biologically based need for interpersonal connections is known as the ___________ theory

Answer 2

need-to-belong

Question 3

the flying saucer craze is arguably one of the most widespread cases of what phenomenon

Answer 3

collective delusion

Question 4

what factors contribute to the rise and spread of urban legends?

Answer 4

they fit our preconceptions, make good stories because they tug on our emotions, especially negative ones

Question 5

we tend to form _________ in our desire to assign causes to other people’s behaviour

Answer 5

attributions

Question 6

the tendency to overestimate the impact of ______________ on others’ behaviour is called the fundamental attribution error

Answer 6

dispositional influences

Question 7

True or false: the fundamental attribution error doesn’t apply to people’s attributions about themselves

Answer 7

True

Question 8

changing your personal style, habits, or behaviour to fit into a social or peer group is an example of ________.

Answer 8

conformity

Question 9

according to research by Berns and his colleagues, conformity is associated with activity in the ________ and ________ lobes of the brain

Answer 9

parietal; occipital

Question 10

True or false: people with high self-esteem are especially prone to conformity

Answer 10

false

Question 11

researchers like phil zimbardo found that two prominent factors that contribute to deindividuation are a feeling of _______ and a lack of _________

Answer 11

anonymity; individual responsibility

Question 12

the stanford prison study results have been compared with the prison guard atrocities at ___________ in Iraq

Answer 12

Abu Ghraib

Question 13

NASA’s decision to launch the 1986 Challenger space shuttle despite warnings of potential problems from engineers may have resulted from:

Answer 13

groupthink

Question 14

the best way to resist the indoctrination that leads to cults is through the ___________, which involves first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct, then debunking them

Answer 14

inoculation effect

Question 15

Milgram’s study testing the effects of “punishment on learning” was, in reality, designed to measure ________

Answer 15

obedience

Question 16

the presence of others tends to make people (less/more) likely to help someone in need

Answer 16

less

Question 17

As diffusion of responsibility occurs, each individual feels (more/less) accountable for helping someone in need

Answer 17

less

Question 18

the phenomenon in which people exert less effort on a task when in a group than when alone is known as __________

Answer 18

social loafing

Question 19

prior exposure to psychological research (can/can’t) change an individuals real world behaviour for the better

Answer 19

can

Question 20

extroverted people are more/less likely to help others than introverted people

Answer 20

more

Question 21

aggresive behaviour at both the indivudal and group levels, in influenced by ______ and _________ factors

Answer 21

situational; dispositional

Question 22

because warm temperatures increase _________, they may make people more likely to lose their tempers when provoked or frustrated

Answer 22

irritability

Question 23

___________ aggression is a form of indirect aggression that involves spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation

Answer 23

relational

Question 24

the major distinction between a belief and an attitude is that an attitude involves a(n) __________ component

Answer 24

emotional

Question 25

LaPiere’s research suggested that people’s stated attitudes (did/didn’t) accurately predict their situational behaviour

Answer 25

didn’t

Question 26

the _____________, which makes us more likely to believe something we’ve heard many times, generally reflects accurate information

Answer 26

recognition heuristic

Question 27

In Festinger and Carlsmith’s test of cognitive dissonance theory, participants given less money enjoying the task (more/less)

Answer 27

more

Question 28

once a friend has agreed to help you select paint colours for your dorm room, asking her to help you actually paint the room is an example of the _________ technique

Answer 28

foot-in-the-door

Question 29

messages are especially persuasive if the messenger seems (similar/different) to us

Answer 29

similar

Question 30

by manufacturing ______________, advertisers can fool consumers into believing that a source is more trustworthy than it is

Answer 30

source credibility

Question 31

concluding that all Americans are loud, materialistic and arrogant without ever having spent time with any of them is an example of ___________

Answer 31

prejudice

Question 32

a belief that all cheerleaders are ditzy, flirty, and interested only in dating is an ________

Answer 32

stereotype

Question 33

our tendency to view all people outside of our group as highly similar is known as

Answer 33

out-group homogeneity

Question 34

believing without firsthand knowledge that teens with nose piercings who frequent the local mall are all troublemakers is a form of ___________, and refusing to serve them in your mall restaurant is a form of ___________

Answer 34

prejudice; discrimination

Question 35

according to the ________________, prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes

Answer 35

scapegoat hypothesis

Question 36

the idea that our behaviours and attributions are based on the assumption that all things happen for a reason supports the ___________ hypothesis

Answer 36

just-world

Question 37

the ___________ is a technique to measure implicit prejudice

Answer 37

Implicit Association Test

Question 38

one condition for reducing prejudice is to (encourage/discourage) group members from becoming friends

Answer 38

encourage