psych chapt 13 review Flashcards
social psychologists study how people influence others’ __________ , ___________ and, _____________, for good and bad
behaviour; beliefs; attitudes
the idea that we have a biologically based need for interpersonal connections is known as the ___________ theory
need-to-belong
the flying saucer craze is arguably one of the most widespread cases of what phenomenon
collective delusion
what factors contribute to the rise and spread of urban legends?
they fit our preconceptions, make good stories because they tug on our emotions, especially negative ones
we tend to form _________ in our desire to assign causes to other people’s behaviour
attributions
the tendency to overestimate the impact of ______________ on others’ behaviour is called the fundamental attribution error
dispositional influences
True or false: the fundamental attribution error doesn’t apply to people’s attributions about themselves
True
changing your personal style, habits, or behaviour to fit into a social or peer group is an example of ________.
conformity
according to research by Berns and his colleagues, conformity is associated with activity in the ________ and ________ lobes of the brain
parietal; occipital
True or false: people with high self-esteem are especially prone to conformity
false
researchers like phil zimbardo found that two prominent factors that contribute to deindividuation are a feeling of _______ and a lack of _________
anonymity; individual responsibility
the stanford prison study results have been compared with the prison guard atrocities at ___________ in Iraq
Abu Ghraib
NASA’s decision to launch the 1986 Challenger space shuttle despite warnings of potential problems from engineers may have resulted from:
groupthink
the best way to resist the indoctrination that leads to cults is through the ___________, which involves first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct, then debunking them
inoculation effect
Milgram’s study testing the effects of “punishment on learning” was, in reality, designed to measure ________
obedience
the presence of others tends to make people (less/more) likely to help someone in need
less
As diffusion of responsibility occurs, each individual feels (more/less) accountable for helping someone in need
less
the phenomenon in which people exert less effort on a task when in a group than when alone is known as __________
social loafing
prior exposure to psychological research (can/can’t) change an individuals real world behaviour for the better
can
extroverted people are more/less likely to help others than introverted people
more
aggresive behaviour at both the indivudal and group levels, in influenced by ______ and _________ factors
situational; dispositional
because warm temperatures increase _________, they may make people more likely to lose their tempers when provoked or frustrated
irritability
___________ aggression is a form of indirect aggression that involves spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation
relational
the major distinction between a belief and an attitude is that an attitude involves a(n) __________ component
emotional
LaPiere’s research suggested that people’s stated attitudes (did/didn’t) accurately predict their situational behaviour
didn’t
the _____________, which makes us more likely to believe something we’ve heard many times, generally reflects accurate information
recognition heuristic
In Festinger and Carlsmith’s test of cognitive dissonance theory, participants given less money enjoying the task (more/less)
more
once a friend has agreed to help you select paint colours for your dorm room, asking her to help you actually paint the room is an example of the _________ technique
foot-in-the-door
messages are especially persuasive if the messenger seems (similar/different) to us
similar
by manufacturing ______________, advertisers can fool consumers into believing that a source is more trustworthy than it is
source credibility
concluding that all Americans are loud, materialistic and arrogant without ever having spent time with any of them is an example of ___________
prejudice
a belief that all cheerleaders are ditzy, flirty, and interested only in dating is an ________
stereotype
our tendency to view all people outside of our group as highly similar is known as
out-group homogeneity
believing without firsthand knowledge that teens with nose piercings who frequent the local mall are all troublemakers is a form of ___________, and refusing to serve them in your mall restaurant is a form of ___________
prejudice; discrimination
according to the ________________, prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes
scapegoat hypothesis
the idea that our behaviours and attributions are based on the assumption that all things happen for a reason supports the ___________ hypothesis
just-world
the ___________ is a technique to measure implicit prejudice
Implicit Association Test
one condition for reducing prejudice is to (encourage/discourage) group members from becoming friends
encourage
