psych chapt 12 REVIEW

Question 1

the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope is called

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

survivors of hurricane sandy might be of particular interest to researchers who study stress from which viewpoint?

Answer 2

stressors as stimuli approach

Question 3

people’s varied reactions to the same event suggest that we can view stress as a ________ between people and their environments

Answer 3

transaction

Question 4

when we encounter a potentially threatening event, we initially engage in _____________ to decide whether the event is harmful

Answer 4

primary appraisal

Question 5

we make a ______________ to determine how well we can cope with a harmful event

Answer 5

secondary appraisal

Question 6

(blank) is a coping strategy people use to tackle life’s challenges head-on

Answer 6

problem-focused coping

Question 7

when we try to put a positive spin on our feelings or predicaments and engage in behaviours to reduce painful emotions, we are engaging in

Answer 7

emotion-focused coping

Question 8

the __________ scale is based on 43 life events ranked in terms of how stressful participants rated them

Answer 8

social readjustment rating

Question 9

how can daily hassles such as traffic, a difficult relationship with a boss, or getting the wrong order at a drive-through restaurant affect our health

Answer 9

daily hassles and minor annoyances can add up and strain our ability to cope

Question 10

the frequency and perceived severity of hassles are (better/worse) predictors of physical health than major life events

Answer 10

better

Question 11

the hormone ___________ further counters stress and promotes the tend-and-befriend response

Answer 11

oxytocin

Question 12

Trur or false: in a survey of NYC area residents after Sept 11/2001, researchers found that 65 % of the sample were resilient

Answer 12

true

Question 13

people who cope well in the aftermath of a stressor tend to display relatively (high/low) levels of functioning before the event

Answer 13

high

Question 14

the severity, duration, and nearness to the stressor after people’s likelihood of developing _____________

Answer 14

PTSD

Question 15

the telltale symptoms of PTSD include vivid memories, feelings and images of traumatic experiences, known commonly and _______________

Answer 15

Flashbacks

Question 16

AIDS is a life-threatening, incurable, yet treatable condition in which the ____________ attacks and damages the immune system

Answer 16

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 17

an example of an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is overreactive is (arthritis/alcoholism)

Answer 17

arthritis

Question 18

Psychoeuroimmunology is the study of the relationship between the immune system and the ___________ system

Answer 18

central nervous

Question 19

research has shown that stress (can/can’t) decrease resistance to the cold virus

Answer 19

can

Question 20

True or false: ulcers are caused by hot, spicy foods

Answer 20

False

Question 21

a biopsychosocial perspective proposes that most medical conditions are neither all physical nor all

Answer 21

psychological

Question 22

scientists have learned that psychological factors, including stress and personality traits are key risk factors for __________

Answer 22

coronary heart disease

Question 23

what are the characteristics of a Type A personality and what health risks are associated with such a personality?

Answer 23

Type A are competitive, driven, hostile, ambitious and impatient.
Type A can be deadly, increasing risk of coronary heart disease

Question 24

______________ encompasses our relationships with people and groups that provide emotional and financial assistance as we contend with important decisions or stressful situations

Answer 24

social support

Question 25

what are the benefits of a strong social network when an individual in undergoing stressful or challenging life events?

Answer 25

emotional comfort, financial assistance, information to make better decisions, solve problems

Question 26

the ability to step up and take action to reduce the impact of a stressful situation is an example of ____________

Answer 26

behavioural control

Question 27

_____________ is the ability to think differently about negative emotions that arise in response to stress-provoking events

Answer 27

cognitive control

Question 28

we engage in _________ when we anticipate stressful situations and take steps to prevent or minimize difficulties before they arise

Answer 28

proactive coping

Question 29

what is crisis debriefing and how effective is it for people who have experienced a traumatic event?

Answer 29

crisis debriefing sessions, facilitator structures a group discussion of peoples reactions to a shared traumatic even, may actually increase PTSD risk

Question 30

___________ is a set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and motivation and courage to confront stressful events

Answer 30

Hardiness

Question 31

True or false: optimistic people are better at handling frustration than pessimists

Answer 31

true

Question 32

______________ is the search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God

Answer 32

spirituality

Question 33

T or F: Spending a good deal of time ruminating is a productive way of reacting to a stressful situation

Answer 33

false

Question 34

the field of psychology that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine is called

Answer 34

health psychology

Question 35

Leading cause of preventable disease and deaths in Canada and the US is due to:

Answer 35

smoking

Question 36

Heavy _________ is associated with significant increases in many different types of cancer, serious/fatal liver problems, brain shrinkage and other neuro problems

Answer 36

drinking

Question 37

T or F: Genes do not play a role in people’s tendency to become overweight

Answer 37

False

Question 38

because of the ________ heuristic, we tend to underestimate certain risks to our health and overestimate others

Answer 38

availability

Question 39

___________ refers to health care practices and products that are used in place of conventional medicine

Answer 39

alternative medicine

Question 40

T or F: Herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements are NOT regulated by the Canadian FDA for safety, purity, and effectiveness

Answer 40

true

Question 41

____________ is based on the premise that consuming an extremely diluted dose of an illness-inducing substance will activate the body’s own natural defences against it

Answer 41

homeopathic medicine