Chapter 15 psych

Question 1

during the middle ages, _________ was often used to treat mental illness

Answer 1

exorcism

Question 2

institutions for the mentally ill created in the fifteenth century were known as _________

Answer 2

asylums

Question 3

in the united states in the 19th century, Dorothea Dix advocated for ____________, an approach calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness

Answer 3

moral treatment

Question 4

in the early 1950s, medications that treated schizophrenia like chlorpromazine, led to a government policy called __________

Answer 4

deinstitutionalization

Question 5

some eating disorders are examples of a _________ disorder specific to western cultures

Answer 5

Culture-bound

Question 6

critics have suggested that DSM-5 is driven more by __________ than science

Answer 6

Drug companies

Question 7

the diagnostic criteria used to classify individuals with mental disorders in DSM-5 (are/are not) based completely on scientific evidence

Answer 7

are not

Question 8

one of the many problems with DSM-5 is the high level of __________ among many of its diagnoses

Answer 8

Comorbidity

Question 9

people with ____________ spend an average of 60 % of each day worrying

Answer 9

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 10

people suffer from _______ when they experience panic attacks that are repeated and unexpected and when they change their behaviour in an attempt to avoid panic attacks

Answer 10

panic disorder

Question 11

a _________ is an intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

Answer 11

phobia

Question 12

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate and cause distress are called ___________

Answer 12

obsessions

Question 13

repetitive behaviours or mental acts initiated to reduce or prevent stress are called

Answer 13

compulsions

Question 14

What anxiety disorder does David Beckham reportedly suffer from question mark can you name some other well-known people who suffer from this disorder?

Answer 14

OCD; cameron diaz, billy bob thorton, howard hughes

Question 15

People _____________ when they predict terrible events, despite the low probability of their actual occurrence

Answer 15

Catastrophize

Question 16

Anxious people tend to interpret ambiguous situations in a (negative / positive) light

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

Many people with anxiety disorders harbor high levels of a
____________, a fear of anxiety related sensations

Answer 17

anxiety sensitivity

Question 18

The state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities is called a(n)

Answer 18

Major depressive episode

Question 19

Over the course of a lifetime more than _______ percent of us will experience a mood disorder

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

Bipolar disorder is (equally common/ more common) in women compared than men

Answer 20

more common

Question 21

Twin studies suggest that the _______ of bipolar disorder maybe as high as 85%

Answer 21

heritability

Question 22

Lewinsohn’s behavioral model assumes that depression results from a (low/high) rate of response contingent positive reinforcement

Answer 22

low

Question 23

Aaron Beck’s cognitive model focused on three components of depressed thinking: negative views of _______, the ________, and the ________

Answer 23

oneself, world, future

Question 24

__________ and _________ are associated with a higher risk of suicide than most other disorders

Answer 24

major depression and bipolar disorder

Question 25

many or most individuals who commit suicide (communicate / do not communicate) their intent to others

Answer 25

communicate

Question 26

of all psychiatric conditions personality disorders are historically the (least / most) reliably diagnosed

Answer 26

least

Question 27

Persons with borderline personality disorders impulsivity and rapidly fluctuating emotions often have a __________ quality

Answer 27

self-destructive

Question 28

A diagnosis of ________ personality disorder is characterized by a lengthy history of illegal and irresponsible actions

Answer 28

antisocial

Question 29

Most people with Psychopathic personalities (are/ are not) physically aggressive

Answer 29

are not

Question 30

In DID, the alternate identities are often very (similar to / different from) the primary personality

Answer 30

different

Question 31

According to the _________ model DID arises from a history of severe abuse during childhood

Answer 31

post-traumatic

Question 32

Some psychologists hold that the __________ have played a pivotal role in the DID epidemic

Answer 32

popular media

Question 33

Despite the origin of the term “schizophrenia” it shouldn’t be confused with ________

Answer 33

DID

Question 34

Strongly held fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality are called _______________

Answer 34

delusions

Question 35

______________ symptoms represent serious reality distortions

Answer 35

Psychotic

Question 36

Most ___________ in schizophrenia are auditory usually consisting of voices

Answer 36

hallucinations

Question 37

People with schizophrenia can exhibit _________ in which their language becomes severely jumbled and Skips from topic to Topic in a disjointed way

Answer 37

word salad

Question 38

__________ symptoms involve Motor problems, extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body and rigid postures, and refusing to speak or move

Answer 38

Catatonic

Question 39

It is widely acknowledged today that parents and family members (cause/don’t cause) schizophrenia

Answer 39

don’t cause

Question 40

research indicates that one or more of four fluid-filled structures called the ventricles which cushion and nourish the brain, are typically (enlarged / diminished) in individuals with schizophrenia

Answer 40

enlarged

Question 41

A _________ model proposes that schizophrenia along with many other mental conditions is a product of genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

Answer 41

Diathesis-stress

Question 42

Influences alone (can/can’t) easily account for an astronomical rise in autism’s prevalence over the span of a decade

Answer 42

can’t

Question 43

Research studies have (failed / succeeded) to replicate that association between the MMR vaccine and autism

Answer 43

failed

Question 44

Parents of children with autism probably fall prey to _________ they “see” a statistical association that doesn’t exist

Answer 44

illusory correlations

Question 45

Diagnosis of ADHD subsumes two subtypes one with __________ and one without in which _________ is predominant

Answer 45

hyperactivity, inattention

Question 46

The first signs of hyperactivity may be evident in ____________

Answer 46

infancy

Question 47

Although a high level of physical activity often diminishes as children with ADHD mature and approach adolescence adjustment problems such as _________ and ___________ are frequent

Answer 47

alcohol, substance abuse

Question 48

ADHD is associated with (increased/decreased) activation in the frontal areas of the brain

Answer 48

decreased