Chapter 15 psych Flashcards
during the middle ages, _________ was often used to treat mental illness
exorcism
institutions for the mentally ill created in the fifteenth century were known as _________
asylums
in the united states in the 19th century, Dorothea Dix advocated for ____________, an approach calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness
moral treatment
in the early 1950s, medications that treated schizophrenia like chlorpromazine, led to a government policy called __________
deinstitutionalization
some eating disorders are examples of a _________ disorder specific to western cultures
Culture-bound
critics have suggested that DSM-5 is driven more by __________ than science
Drug companies
the diagnostic criteria used to classify individuals with mental disorders in DSM-5 (are/are not) based completely on scientific evidence
are not
one of the many problems with DSM-5 is the high level of __________ among many of its diagnoses
Comorbidity
people with ____________ spend an average of 60 % of each day worrying
Generalized anxiety disorder
people suffer from _______ when they experience panic attacks that are repeated and unexpected and when they change their behaviour in an attempt to avoid panic attacks
panic disorder
a _________ is an intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat
phobia
persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate and cause distress are called ___________
obsessions
repetitive behaviours or mental acts initiated to reduce or prevent stress are called
compulsions
What anxiety disorder does David Beckham reportedly suffer from question mark can you name some other well-known people who suffer from this disorder?
OCD; cameron diaz, billy bob thorton, howard hughes
People _____________ when they predict terrible events, despite the low probability of their actual occurrence
Catastrophize
Anxious people tend to interpret ambiguous situations in a (negative / positive) light
negative
Many people with anxiety disorders harbor high levels of a
____________, a fear of anxiety related sensations
anxiety sensitivity
The state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities is called a(n)
Major depressive episode
Over the course of a lifetime more than _______ percent of us will experience a mood disorder
20%
Bipolar disorder is (equally common/ more common) in women compared than men
more common
Twin studies suggest that the _______ of bipolar disorder maybe as high as 85%
heritability
Lewinsohn’s behavioral model assumes that depression results from a (low/high) rate of response contingent positive reinforcement
low
Aaron Beck’s cognitive model focused on three components of depressed thinking: negative views of _______, the ________, and the ________
oneself, world, future
__________ and _________ are associated with a higher risk of suicide than most other disorders
major depression and bipolar disorder
many or most individuals who commit suicide (communicate / do not communicate) their intent to others
communicate
of all psychiatric conditions personality disorders are historically the (least / most) reliably diagnosed
least
Persons with borderline personality disorders impulsivity and rapidly fluctuating emotions often have a __________ quality
self-destructive
A diagnosis of ________ personality disorder is characterized by a lengthy history of illegal and irresponsible actions
antisocial
Most people with Psychopathic personalities (are/ are not) physically aggressive
are not
In DID, the alternate identities are often very (similar to / different from) the primary personality
different
According to the _________ model DID arises from a history of severe abuse during childhood
post-traumatic
Some psychologists hold that the __________ have played a pivotal role in the DID epidemic
popular media
Despite the origin of the term “schizophrenia” it shouldn’t be confused with ________
DID
Strongly held fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality are called _______________
delusions
______________ symptoms represent serious reality distortions
Psychotic
Most ___________ in schizophrenia are auditory usually consisting of voices
hallucinations
People with schizophrenia can exhibit _________ in which their language becomes severely jumbled and Skips from topic to Topic in a disjointed way
word salad
__________ symptoms involve Motor problems, extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body and rigid postures, and refusing to speak or move
Catatonic
It is widely acknowledged today that parents and family members (cause/don’t cause) schizophrenia
don’t cause
research indicates that one or more of four fluid-filled structures called the ventricles which cushion and nourish the brain, are typically (enlarged / diminished) in individuals with schizophrenia
enlarged
A _________ model proposes that schizophrenia along with many other mental conditions is a product of genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger this vulnerability
Diathesis-stress
Influences alone (can/can’t) easily account for an astronomical rise in autism’s prevalence over the span of a decade
can’t
Research studies have (failed / succeeded) to replicate that association between the MMR vaccine and autism
failed
Parents of children with autism probably fall prey to _________ they “see” a statistical association that doesn’t exist
illusory correlations
Diagnosis of ADHD subsumes two subtypes one with __________ and one without in which _________ is predominant
hyperactivity, inattention
The first signs of hyperactivity may be evident in ____________
infancy
Although a high level of physical activity often diminishes as children with ADHD mature and approach adolescence adjustment problems such as _________ and ___________ are frequent
alcohol, substance abuse
ADHD is associated with (increased/decreased) activation in the frontal areas of the brain
decreased
