Psych Ch. 2

Question 1

Principal Investigator

Answer 1

The individual who is primarily responsible for a research study. The principal investigator is responsible for all elements of the study and is the first author listed on publications or presentations.

Question 2

research subjects

Answer 2

human participants of a study; those who are the focus of research

Question 3

inclusion criteria

Answer 3

Specific conditions or characteristics that make it appropriate to enroll a person of study

Question 4

Scientific Method

Answer 4

a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence

Question 5

informed consent

Answer 5

A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been informed of all risks that participation may entail

Question 6

Milgrim obedience study

Answer 6

a yale study on obedience in which a person would be given orders to shock another person. each shock would increase and they wanted to see how far a person would go

Question 7

Tuskegee Experiment

Answer 7

experiment carried out from 1932 to 1972 by US public health service in which over 600 Alabama Black men were used as guinea pigs to determine what would happen to the body if syphilus were left untreated

Question 8

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California

Answer 8

codifies the right of people to sue if a mental health professional does not warn them of an imminent threat against them.

Question 9

Confidentiality and its limits

Answer 9

•therapists must be able to assure the client that personal disclosures will remain confidential and privacy will be protected

Question 10

deception

Answer 10

a researcher gives false information to subjects or intentionally misleads them about some key aspect of the research.

Question 11

debreifing

Answer 11

a verbal description of the true nature and purpose of a study

Question 12

Sample v. population

Answer 12

sample is part of population that is selected to represent population. population is total group of individuals.

Question 13

experimental design

Answer 13

Experimental design refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment.

Question 14

experimental design

Answer 14

refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment.

Question 15

demand characteristics

Answer 15

cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected

Question 16

Independent/dependent variables

Answer 16

independent variable- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

dependent variable- the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Question 17

Experimental/control groups

Answer 17

a group of subjects that are exposed to the variable of a controlled experiment.

Question 18

Bias

Answer 18

A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.

Question 19

random selection

Answer 19

A way of ensuring that a sample of people is representative of a population by giving everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Question 20

random assignment

Answer 20

the use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group

Question 21

double-blind technique

Answer 21

A procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is in the experimental and control groups until after the data have been gathered; a control for experimenter bias.

Question 22

descriptive research

Answer 22

a type of research that is used to describe the characteristics of a population.

Question 23

case study

Answer 23

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 24

extraneous variables

Answer 24

variables, other than the independent variable, that can influence the outcome of an experiment

Question 25

naturalistic observation

Answer 25

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 26

Surveys

Answer 26

a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals.

Question 27

correlational research

Answer 27

the study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables