Psych Ch. 2 Flashcards
Principal Investigator
The individual who is primarily responsible for a research study. The principal investigator is responsible for all elements of the study and is the first author listed on publications or presentations.
research subjects
human participants of a study; those who are the focus of research
inclusion criteria
Specific conditions or characteristics that make it appropriate to enroll a person of study
Scientific Method
a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence
informed consent
A written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been informed of all risks that participation may entail
Milgrim obedience study
a yale study on obedience in which a person would be given orders to shock another person. each shock would increase and they wanted to see how far a person would go
Tuskegee Experiment
experiment carried out from 1932 to 1972 by US public health service in which over 600 Alabama Black men were used as guinea pigs to determine what would happen to the body if syphilus were left untreated
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
codifies the right of people to sue if a mental health professional does not warn them of an imminent threat against them.
Confidentiality and its limits
•therapists must be able to assure the client that personal disclosures will remain confidential and privacy will be protected
deception
a researcher gives false information to subjects or intentionally misleads them about some key aspect of the research.
debreifing
a verbal description of the true nature and purpose of a study
Sample v. population
sample is part of population that is selected to represent population. population is total group of individuals.
experimental design
Experimental design refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment.
experimental design
refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment.
demand characteristics
cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected
Independent/dependent variables
independent variable- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable- the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Experimental/control groups
a group of subjects that are exposed to the variable of a controlled experiment.
Bias
A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
random selection
A way of ensuring that a sample of people is representative of a population by giving everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample
random assignment
the use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group
double-blind technique
A procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is in the experimental and control groups until after the data have been gathered; a control for experimenter bias.
descriptive research
a type of research that is used to describe the characteristics of a population.
case study
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
extraneous variables
variables, other than the independent variable, that can influence the outcome of an experiment
