Psych Ch. 16 Flashcards
What is resistance?
The patient has cognitive
mechanisms to avoid directly confronting
the issue
What is transference?
Feelings for important people in the patient’s life (e.g., parents) can be projected on to the therapist
What is counter transference?
Redirection of feelings from the therapist to the client
Psychoanalysis involves:
Case studies: detailed write ups of patients
* Dream analysis: meanings in dreams
* Free association: a type of brainstorming
about the meaning of different experiences
* Analysis of mistakes (Freudian slips &
Parapraxes)
What is a freudian slip?
slip of the tongue that is motivated by and reveals some unconscious aspect of the mind
What is a projective test?
Personality tests in which ambiguous images are presented to an individual to elicit responses that reflect unconscious,desires or conflicts
Rorschach inkblot test
A test in which people are asked to
describe what they see on the
inkblot; psychologists interpret this
description using a standardized
scoring and interpretation method
What is the thematic apperception test (TAT)
A test that asks respondents to tell
stories about ambiguous pictures
involving various interpersonal
situations
What is the rational for TAT
How people perceive others may be a projection of how they perceive themselves
What is free association
The process of saying freely
whatever comes to mind in
connection with dreams,
memories, fantasies, or conflicts
Goals of psychodynamic theory?
Help people understand current
symptoms; explore and gain
perspective on defended-against
thoughts and feelings
techniques of psychodynamic therapy
Client-centered face-to-
face meetings; exploration of past
relationship troubles to understand
origins of current difficulties
What is humanist therapy
A form of psychotherapy based on
the philosophy of humanism, which
emphasizes the client’s free will to
change rather than past conflicts
How did the humanist movement change psychology?
Instead of looking at unconscious conflicts, they focused on how people become self-actualized and fulfil their higher motivations
What did Carl Rogers develop?
a type of therapy called client-centered therapy, or person-centered therapy
What did carl rogers hypothesize were the three necessities of growth?
- Genuineness (openness): knowing who
you are, and being open with others
about that - Unconditional positive regard
(acceptance): from others, and also that
this is the role of the therapist to provide - Empathy (being listened to and
understood): feeling that others known
and understand you
What is unconditional positive regard
love or support given to another person
with no conditions attached
What is empathy
refers to ability of therapist to understand and accept what the client says
client-centered therapy in sum
Client-Centered Therapy focuses on individuals’ ability to solve their own problems and reach their full potential
how do client-centered therapies differ from psychoanalytic therapies
- People’s feelings and thoughts in the present moment, not past conflicts
- Conscious thoughts [not unconscious wishes]
- Taking responsibility for one’s feelings and
actions [not seeking hidden motives] - Promoting growth and self-actualization—not just managing to get through the day
what is behavior therapy?
application of learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
What is systematic desensitization
Step-by-step process of desensitizing a
client to a feared object or experience
Counter conditioning
Process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is
incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response
What is flooding
a form of exposure therapy that is like ripping off the band aid or learning to swim by
jumping into the deep end of the pool
What is the advantage and disadvantage of flooding
is quick, but also slightly traumatic
how do aversive conditioning work
People very rapidly become conditioned to dislike something when it’s been paired with a
nausea-inducing stimulus
What is cognitive therapy
A form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions
What is CBT
Cognitive behavioral Therapy. Integration of cognitive therapy
(changing self-defeating thinking)
with behavior therapy (changing
unwanted behaviors)
What is the bahvior and cognitive aspects of CBT
The behavioral part might be selective
exposure to the stimulus…
- The cognitive part would be
addressing the wrong thoughts the
person has about flying…
What is cognitive therapy?
teaching the client new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting
what is the cognitive model
that thoughts, feelings and behavior are all connected
Cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication have comparable short-term effects BUT…
CBT is more longterm
How might medication and therapy produce additive effects?
Perhaps through different mechanisms of action (see figure)
* These treatments might thus result in end states that are similar: normalized amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex activity
Family therapy was developed to …
look at problems in the context of the family unit
What is family therapy?
Perspective that holds than an
individual’s problem develops in the
context of the family, sustained by
family dynamics, and that changes
affect all members of the family
What is the family perspective
Approach that identifies how each
family member forms a larger part of
an interacting system
Deterioration
anywhere from 3-10% of individuals become worse following psychological treatment
Psychosurgery
Any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in
emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior
What was the original name for lobotomy?
leucotomy
the good and bad of lobotomies
Lobotomies did reduce
emotional anguish (anxiety,
obsessions, compulsions, etc.).
* However: Also became childish,
were unemployable, some
became vegetative
ECT
Electric convulsive therapy. Passing an electrical current through
the brain in order to induce a
temporary seizure
rTMS
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS). Involves the use of a pulsing
coil held to a person’s skull at the left prefrontal (used formilder stimulation)
