Psych Ch. 10 Flashcards
What is intelligence according to Binet?
The ability to think, understand, reason, and
adapt to or overcome obstacles
What did Charles spearmen propose?
performance in tasks of mental ability was dependent on a general intelligence factor that he called g
What is Factor Analysis?
In other words, according to the concept of g, someone who is good at one component of intelligence (e.g., math) is probably good at other components (e.g., problem-solving)
Who termed the 7 primary mental abilities?
Loius Thurstone
Along with general abilities (g) there are special abilities (_)
s
Define Savant:
Rare condition in which an individual has extremely high ability in one domain despite overall limitations in mental and social ability
Define Prodigy:
A young person who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area and at least average intelligence
Robert Sternberg offers an alternative theory called …
triarchic theory of intelligence
-Analytic
-Practical
-Creative
What is analytical intelligence
Is the verbal, mathematical problem-solving type of intelligence that probably comes to mind when you think of intelligence. Linked with academic performance.
What does analytical intelligence consist of
Information-processing strategies
* Recognizing the problem
* Selecting a method for solving it
* Mastering and carrying out the strategy
* Evaluating the result
What is practical intelligence?
The ability to find solutions to real-world problems that are encountered in daily life, especially those related to work and family. (adjust to knew environment, get stuff done_
What is creative intelligence
The ability to create new ideas to solve problems
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
*Intelligence consists of
multiple abilities that come
in different packages
*Eight relatively independent
intelligences exist
What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (what are the intelligences)
-Verbal linguistic
-Logistical/Mathematical
-Visuospatial
-Bodily Kinesthetic
-Muscial/rhthym
-interpersonal
-intrapersonal
-Natualist
-Existential intelligence
What is the problem with Gardeners Multiple Intelligence
This theory is unfalsifiable. You can always think up a new type of intelligence to account for the data
What is emotional intelligence
Social intelligence is an important
indicator of life success. Emotional
intelligence is a key aspect, consisting of
perceiving, understanding, managing,
and using emotions.
desire to develop intelligence tests arose from ____________________
social circumstances
What is Eugenics?
Scientific/philosophical/political
movement that encouraged breeding
between people with particular traits
and discouraged breeding between
those without these traits (e.g.,
people with low IQs)
Believed intelligence was malleable and included many different abilities
Alfred Binet
Binet developed the concept of…
Mental age
Terman developed the concept of…
Innate intelligence
What id David Wechsler known for? What did it aim to do?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler’s tests for children, It aimed to shift into non-verbal reliant skills.
General Ability Index (GAI)
This subscale examines comprehension and reasoning without examining processing speed (e.g., what do words have in common)
Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)
Working memory and processing speed tasks (e.g., keeping numbers in head and repeating backwards and forwards)
define intelligence test
Method for assessing an individual’s mental
aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
Define Aptitude test:
Designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn a new skill (e.g., SAT)
Define achievement test:
Designed to assess what a person has learned
What are the three criteria of a good test?
-standardized
-reliable
-valid
What is standardization?
Defining uniform testing procedures and
meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Define reliability
Extent to which a test yields consistent results
What is a random error?
Random error is anything that changes each time (e.g., a bad night sleep)
What is a systematic error?
is error that appears over and over (e.g., a scale that is consistently 10 pounds too light)
What is validity?
Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict
Content validity?
Extent to which a test samples the behavior of
interest
Predictive Validity:
Success with which a test predicts what it is designed to predict
Who believed in two components of g? What are they?
Raymond Cattell. Fluid intelligence (Gf) and Crystalized intelligence (Gc)
What is fluid intelligence?
A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses. Decreases with age.
What id Crystalized intelligence?
A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience. (vocab, and general)
What is the biggest predictor of success with IQ
Persistance
Is there a correlation between genetics and IQ
yes. 50-80%
What is the birth order effect?
The IQs of first-born children are, on average, about 3 points higher than those of second-born children and 4 points higher than those of third-born children
What environmental Factors?
Nutrition
Education
Stressful environment
What are L.L Thurstones primary mental abilities
-word fluency
-verbal comprehension
-Spatial Ability
-Perceptual speed
-Numerical ability
-Inductive reasoning
-memory
What fraction of people who have savant syndrome are male
4/5
What is emotional intelligence
The ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions
What are the 4 abilities of emotional intelligence
-Perception
-Understanding
-Managing
-Using
What are some factors on Wechslers testing for non verbal intelligence
similarity, vocab, block design, letter number sequencing
What are the two components of g
Fluid intelligence and Chrystalized intelligence
What is fluid intelligence?
A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses
What is crystallized intelligence
A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience
What is the Flynn effect?
Refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time
Flynn suggests that performance has increased because…
people have developed new mental skills to
cope with modern environments
Our performance can also be influenced by…
our beliefs about performance and intelligence
What is entity theory?
The belief that intelligence is a fixed
characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change
What is incremental theory?
The belief that intelligence can be shaped
by experiences, practice, and effort (“growth mindset”)
Those with entity beliefs were more or less likely to give up when faced with challenging questions or negative feedback?
More
What are the three hypotheses for racial differences in intelligence?
*There are genetically disposed racial differences in intelligence
*There are socially influenced racial differences in intelligence
*There are racial differences in test scores, but the tests are
inappropriate or biased
variation within groups is _______________ and variation between groups may be ______________________
Genetic; environmental
what is the term bias based on?
test predictive validity
What is stereotype threat?
Doubt one feels about his/her performance due to negative stereotypes about his/her group’s abilities
Stereotype threat increases these three things:
-arousal/anxiety
-self focused thought (less about tests)
-inhibition
Males and females have very similar IQ but male results are more ________
Variable
define intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use general knowledge to adapt to new situations
Who came up with general intelligence
Charles spearman
Thustone came up with…
7 primary mental abilities
What is the Cattel-Horn-Carroll theory
intelligence based on g as well as gf and gc
Howard Garder came up with
8 or 9 relatively independence intelligences such as: narturalist, inter/intrapersonal, linguistic ect
Sternberg came up with three intelligences
Analytical, practical, and creative
Galton is to Binet as ________is to ________
nature;nurture
why was terman kinda sus
Eugenics
Why are people with higher intelligence healthier
-more education, better jobs, healthier environement
-less smoking, better diet, more excerise
-prenatal, early childhood events
-well wired body
What is hertiablity
the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes
Women compared to men excel in …
-vocab
-spelling
relational awareness
-reading
-locating objects
