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Term 2 > Psych Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Psych Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is intelligence according to Binet?

A

The ability to think, understand, reason, and
adapt to or overcome obstacles

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2
Q

What did Charles spearmen propose?

A

performance in tasks of mental ability was dependent on a general intelligence factor that he called g

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3
Q

What is Factor Analysis?

A

In other words, according to the concept of g, someone who is good at one component of intelligence (e.g., math) is probably good at other components (e.g., problem-solving)

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4
Q

Who termed the 7 primary mental abilities?

A

Loius Thurstone

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5
Q

Along with general abilities (g) there are special abilities (_)

A

s

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6
Q

Define Savant:

A

Rare condition in which an individual has extremely high ability in one domain despite overall limitations in mental and social ability

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7
Q

Define Prodigy:

A

A young person who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area and at least average intelligence

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8
Q

Robert Sternberg offers an alternative theory called …

A

triarchic theory of intelligence
-Analytic
-Practical
-Creative

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9
Q

What is analytical intelligence

A

Is the verbal, mathematical problem-solving type of intelligence that probably comes to mind when you think of intelligence. Linked with academic performance.

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10
Q

What does analytical intelligence consist of

A

Information-processing strategies
* Recognizing the problem
* Selecting a method for solving it
* Mastering and carrying out the strategy
* Evaluating the result

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11
Q

What is practical intelligence?

A

The ability to find solutions to real-world problems that are encountered in daily life, especially those related to work and family. (adjust to knew environment, get stuff done_

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12
Q

What is creative intelligence

A

The ability to create new ideas to solve problems

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13
Q

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

A

*Intelligence consists of
multiple abilities that come
in different packages
*Eight relatively independent
intelligences exist

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14
Q

What is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (what are the intelligences)

A

-Verbal linguistic
-Logistical/Mathematical
-Visuospatial
-Bodily Kinesthetic
-Muscial/rhthym
-interpersonal
-intrapersonal
-Natualist
-Existential intelligence

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15
Q

What is the problem with Gardeners Multiple Intelligence

A

This theory is unfalsifiable. You can always think up a new type of intelligence to account for the data

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16
Q

What is emotional intelligence

A

Social intelligence is an important
indicator of life success. Emotional
intelligence is a key aspect, consisting of
perceiving, understanding, managing,
and using emotions.

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17
Q

desire to develop intelligence tests arose from ____________________

A

social circumstances

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18
Q

What is Eugenics?

A

Scientific/philosophical/political
movement that encouraged breeding
between people with particular traits
and discouraged breeding between
those without these traits (e.g.,
people with low IQs)

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19
Q

Believed intelligence was malleable and included many different abilities

A

Alfred Binet

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20
Q

Binet developed the concept of…

A

Mental age

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21
Q

Terman developed the concept of…

A

Innate intelligence

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22
Q

What id David Wechsler known for? What did it aim to do?

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler’s tests for children, It aimed to shift into non-verbal reliant skills.

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23
Q

General Ability Index (GAI)

A

This subscale examines comprehension and reasoning without examining processing speed (e.g., what do words have in common)

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24
Q

Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)

A

Working memory and processing speed tasks (e.g., keeping numbers in head and repeating backwards and forwards)

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25
Q

define intelligence test

A

Method for assessing an individual’s mental
aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

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26
Q

Define Aptitude test:

A

Designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn a new skill (e.g., SAT)

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27
Q

Define achievement test:

A

Designed to assess what a person has learned

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28
Q

What are the three criteria of a good test?

A

-standardized
-reliable
-valid

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29
Q

What is standardization?

A

Defining uniform testing procedures and
meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

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30
Q

Define reliability

A

Extent to which a test yields consistent results

31
Q

What is a random error?

A

Random error is anything that changes each time (e.g., a bad night sleep)

32
Q

What is a systematic error?

A

is error that appears over and over (e.g., a scale that is consistently 10 pounds too light)

33
Q

What is validity?

A

Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

34
Q

Content validity?

A

Extent to which a test samples the behavior of
interest

35
Q

Predictive Validity:

A

Success with which a test predicts what it is designed to predict

36
Q

Who believed in two components of g? What are they?

A

Raymond Cattell. Fluid intelligence (Gf) and Crystalized intelligence (Gc)

37
Q

What is fluid intelligence?

A

A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses. Decreases with age.

38
Q

What id Crystalized intelligence?

A

A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience. (vocab, and general)

39
Q

What is the biggest predictor of success with IQ

A

Persistance

40
Q

Is there a correlation between genetics and IQ

A

yes. 50-80%

41
Q

What is the birth order effect?

A

The IQs of first-born children are, on average, about 3 points higher than those of second-born children and 4 points higher than those of third-born children

42
Q

What environmental Factors?

A

Nutrition
Education
Stressful environment

43
Q

What are L.L Thurstones primary mental abilities

A

-word fluency
-verbal comprehension
-Spatial Ability
-Perceptual speed
-Numerical ability
-Inductive reasoning
-memory

44
Q

What fraction of people who have savant syndrome are male

A

4/5

45
Q

What is emotional intelligence

A

The ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions

46
Q

What are the 4 abilities of emotional intelligence

A

-Perception
-Understanding
-Managing
-Using

47
Q

What are some factors on Wechslers testing for non verbal intelligence

A

similarity, vocab, block design, letter number sequencing

48
Q

What are the two components of g

A

Fluid intelligence and Chrystalized intelligence

49
Q

What is fluid intelligence?

A

A type of intelligence used in learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already possesses

50
Q

What is crystallized intelligence

A

A type of intelligence that draws upon past learning and experience

51
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

Refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time

52
Q

Flynn suggests that performance has increased because…

A

people have developed new mental skills to
cope with modern environments

53
Q

Our performance can also be influenced by…

A

our beliefs about performance and intelligence

54
Q

What is entity theory?

A

The belief that intelligence is a fixed
characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change

55
Q

What is incremental theory?

A

The belief that intelligence can be shaped
by experiences, practice, and effort (“growth mindset”)

56
Q

Those with entity beliefs were more or less likely to give up when faced with challenging questions or negative feedback?

A

More

57
Q

What are the three hypotheses for racial differences in intelligence?

A

*There are genetically disposed racial differences in intelligence
*There are socially influenced racial differences in intelligence
*There are racial differences in test scores, but the tests are
inappropriate or biased

58
Q

variation within groups is _______________ and variation between groups may be ______________________

A

Genetic; environmental

59
Q

what is the term bias based on?

A

test predictive validity

60
Q

What is stereotype threat?

A

Doubt one feels about his/her performance due to negative stereotypes about his/her group’s abilities

61
Q

Stereotype threat increases these three things:

A

-arousal/anxiety
-self focused thought (less about tests)
-inhibition

62
Q

Males and females have very similar IQ but male results are more ________

A

Variable

63
Q

define intelligence

A

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use general knowledge to adapt to new situations

64
Q

Who came up with general intelligence

A

Charles spearman

65
Q

Thustone came up with…

A

7 primary mental abilities

66
Q

What is the Cattel-Horn-Carroll theory

A

intelligence based on g as well as gf and gc

67
Q

Howard Garder came up with

A

8 or 9 relatively independence intelligences such as: narturalist, inter/intrapersonal, linguistic ect

68
Q

Sternberg came up with three intelligences

A

Analytical, practical, and creative

69
Q

Galton is to Binet as ________is to ________

A

nature;nurture

70
Q

why was terman kinda sus

A

Eugenics

71
Q

Why are people with higher intelligence healthier

A

-more education, better jobs, healthier environement
-less smoking, better diet, more excerise
-prenatal, early childhood events
-well wired body

72
Q

What is hertiablity

A

the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes

73
Q

Women compared to men excel in …

A

-vocab
-spelling
relational awareness
-reading
-locating objects

Term 2 (11 decks)

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