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PANCE 2.0 > Psych/Behavioral Health #4 > Flashcards

Psych/Behavioral Health #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Cluster A personality types

A
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
  • Paranoid
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2
Q

Name the Cluster B Personality Types

A
  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
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3
Q

Name the Cluster C Personality Types

A
  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive-Compulsive
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4
Q

What is the treatment choice for all personality disorders?

A

Cognitive behavioral therapy (Psychotherapy)

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5
Q

Describe a patient with a schizoid personality disorder

A
  • Voluntary social withdrawal and anhedonic introversion
  • Most common in males
  • Prefers to be alone
  • Loner, hermit like behavior
  • Detached, cold, flat affect
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6
Q

Describe a patient with a schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • Odd, eccentric, bizarre behavior and thought patterns
  • Magical thinking or speech (belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, etc.)
  • May talk to self in public
  • Pervasive discomfort with close relationships
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7
Q

Describe a patient with paranoid personality disorder

A
  • Pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others
  • Unjustified doubts regarding the loyalty and trustworthiness of others
  • Sees hidden messages, is easily insulted, doesn’t forgive, bears grudges
  • Suspicion regarding faithfulness of partner without justification
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8
Q

Describe a patient with antisocial personality disorder

A
  • Behaviors deviating sharply from the norms, values, and laws of society
  • May commit criminal acts
  • Irritability or aggression toward others
  • Lack of remorse for actions
  • Failure to maintain work or honor financial obligations
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9
Q

How old must the patient be to diagnose them with antisocial personality disorder?

A

18 years old

Must have history by age 15 consistent with conduct disorder

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10
Q

What is a patient with borderline personality disorder like?

A
  • Unstable, unpredictable mood and affect
  • Unstable self-images and relationships
  • Mood swings, impulsivity, self-mutilation
  • Fear of abandonment
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11
Q

What is a patient with histrionic personality disorder like?

A
  • Attention seeking: need to be center of attention, overly emotional, dramatic, seductive
  • Hissy fits: temper tantrums, self-absorbed
  • Often inappropriate, sexually provocative, seductive
  • Seeks reassurance and praise often
  • May believe their relationships are more intimate than they really are
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12
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder presents as

A
  • Grandiose excessive sense of self-importance, superiority, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
  • Fragile self-esteem
  • Takes advantage to exploit others for self-gain
  • Lacks empathy for others
  • Reacts to rejection with rage
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13
Q

Social inhibition due to an intense fear of rejection, affecting daily life. Timid, shy, lacks confidence

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder

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14
Q

How does avoidant personality disorder differ from schizoid personality disorder?

A
  • Avoidant patients do not want to be alone, they just have a fear of being rejected.
  • Schizoid patients prefer to be alone
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15
Q

Describe a patient with dependent personality disorder

A
  • Pattern of excessive need to be taken care of, leading to clingy behavior
  • Difficulty expressing disagreement for fear of decreased approval
  • Feeling of helplessness when alone
  • Serial relationships
  • Goes to extreme lengths to gain approval of others
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16
Q

Describe obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

-Characterized by preoccupation with order, details, and perfectionism without obsessions or compulsions

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17
Q

True or False: Behavior in a patient with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ego-syntonic

A

True

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18
Q

Fixed belief despite evidence to the contrary

A

delusion

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19
Q

What is a non bizarre delusion

A

False + plausible but highly unlikely (such as being poisoned)

20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria to diagnose a patient with delusional disorder?

A

-At least 1 delusion lasting at least 1 month WITHOUT other psychotic symptoms and no significant impairment in function

21
Q

Treatment for delusional disorder

A

Atypical (2nd generation) antipsychotics

22
Q

What is schizophreniform disorder?

A

Symptoms of Schizophrenia but duration between 1-6 months

23
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Schizophrenia + mood disorder (major depressive or manic episode)

24
Q

Describe the difference in presentation regarding ages between men and women for schizophrenia?

A

-Men present earlier (early to mid 20s) and women present in the late 20’s.

Men tend to have more negative symptoms and poorer outcome

25
Q

Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

A
  • Strong genetic predisposition

- Substance use is common: nicotine most common

26
Q

What are some factors that have a better outcome for a patient with schizophrenia?

A
  • Later age of onset
  • Acute onset
  • Positive symptoms
  • Good social support
  • Female gender
  • Few relapses
  • No family history of mental illness
27
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

THESE SYMPTOMS ADD TO NORMAL BEHAVIOR

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized Speech
Behavioral Disturbances

28
Q

What are negative symptoms for schizophrenia?

A

These symptoms TAKE AWAY from normal behavior

  • Absence of normal cognition
  • Affect flattening
  • Alogia: poverty of speech
  • Avolition: poor hygiene and grooming, anergy
  • Anhedonia
  • Asociality: failure to engage with others socially
29
Q

What is the pathophysiology of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Due to excess dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway

30
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

A

-2 or more following symptoms: positive symptom, negative symptom, disorganized behavior for at least 6 months

At least 1 must be hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and must manifest for at least 1 month

Must impair function

31
Q

What is seen on a CT scan for a patient with schizophrenia?

A

Ventricular enlargement (lateral and third) as well as decreased cortical volume and grey matter

32
Q

First line pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia

A

Atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole)

33
Q

First-generation antipsychotics such as (Haloperidol, Droperidol, and Chlorpromazine) are used in treatment of schizophrenia, but have increased risk of

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

34
Q

True or False: with PTSD, the traumatic event happened anytime in the past

A

True

35
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A
  • Re-experiencing: > 1 month as repetitive recollections (distressing dreams) and dissociative reactions (flashbacks)
  • Avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event
  • At least 2 negative alterations in cognition and mood: inability to remember important aspects of the event, anhedonia, negative emotions
  • At least 2 arousal and reactivity symptoms: angry outbursts, irritable behavior, sleep disturbances, startle response
36
Q

First-line treatment for PTSD

A

SSRI’s

  • Trazodone may be helpful for insomnia
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy
37
Q

What medication may be useful for nightmares and hypervigilance?

A

Prazosin

38
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for acute stress disorder?

A

Traumatic event occurred < 1 month ago and the symptoms last < 1 month

39
Q

What is the treatment for acute stress disorder?

A

Counseling and psychotherapy are first-line because the symptoms will resolve in 1 month

If symptoms last > 1 month, treat as PTSD

40
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

Maladaptive behavior to an identifiable stressor (job loss, physical illness, leaving home, divorce, etc.) that causes a disproportionate response than would normally be expected within 3 MONTHS of the stressor and resolves WITHIN 6 MONTHS

41
Q

Treatment of choice for adjustment disorder

A

Psychotherapy

42
Q

What is illness anxiety disorder?

A

-Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness despite constant reassurance and medical workups showing no disease

Formerly known as hypochondriasis

43
Q

Explain how long the symptoms are present in illness anxiety disorder

A

At least 6 months

There are no somatic symptoms present in this condition

Not explained by another disorder

44
Q

Management of illness anxiety disorder

A
  • Regularly-scheduled appointments with their medical provider
  • Psychotherapy (CBT)
45
Q

What is malingering?

A

Intentional falsification or exaggeration of signs and symptoms for external (secondary) gain (financial gain, food, shelter, avoidance of prison/school/work, to obtain drugs)

46
Q

What is the difference between malingering and factitious disorder?

A

In malingering, the patient wants secondary gain; however, in factitious disorder, the primary motive is to assume the sick role and get sympathy

PANCE 2.0 (62 decks)

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