Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PANCE 2.0 > Genitourinary #2 > Flashcards

Genitourinary #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some risk factors for acute cystitis?

A

Women: sexual intercourse
Pregnancy
Elderly and postmenopausal
Diabetes Mellitus
Indwelling catheter presence
Infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does it mean for acute cystitis to be “complicated”

A

Symptoms > 7 days
Pregnancy
Diabetics
Immunosuppression
Indwelling catheter
Elderly
Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MC cause of acute cystitis

A

E. Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

However, the 2nd MCC of acute cystitis in sexually active women is

A

Staph Saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In indwelling catheters, a common organism that causes acute cystitis is

A

Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of acute cystitis

A

-Dysuria
-Frequency and Urgency
-Hematuria
-Suprapubic pain and tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

On urinalysis, what is seen in a patient with acute cystitis?

A

Pyuria (> 10 WBCs/hpf)
Hematuria
Nitrites
Cloudy urine
Increased pH with proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

However, the definitive diagnostic for acute cystitis is

A

Urine culture
-Need a clean catch specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is seen on urine culture if the urine specimen is contaminated?

A

Epithelial cells (Squamous cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first-line treatment for Acute cystitis?

A

Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Fosfomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

However, if the patient has a sulfa allergy or increased resistance patterns, what is the first-line medical treatment for acute cystitis?

A

Fluoroquinolones such as Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin (Cephalosporins or Cefpodoxime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some recommendations you can tell the patient if he/she has acute cystitis?

A

Increase fluid intake
Void after intercourse
Hot sitz baths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phenazopyridine is a bladder analgesic that can be used as adjunct treatment for acute cystitis. What are two things to remember about this drug?

A

Do not use it more than 48 hours due to side effects

Turns urine an orange color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the acute cystitis is complicated, what are the treatment options?

A

Fluoroquinolones PO or IV
Aminoglycosides x 7-10 days or 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If there is cystitis in a patient who is pregnant, what is the treatment?

A

Amoxicillin
Augmentin
Cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name some medications for cystitis that should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Bactrim
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Doxycycline

17
Q

What is pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the upper genitourinary tract (kidney and renal pelvis)

18
Q

MCC of pyelonephritis

A

E. Coli

19
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

Diabetes Mellitus
History of recurrent UTIs
Kidney Stones
Pregnancy

20
Q

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

A

Fever
Chills
Back or Flank Pain
Nausea and vomiting
Dysuria, Frequency, Urgency

21
Q

What are three things that are on exam of a patient with pyelonephritis?

A

CVA tenderness
Fever
Tachycardia

22
Q

What is hallmark on a UA for pyelonephritis?

A

-Pyuria ( > 10 WBCs/hpf)
-Nitrites
-WBC casts (MOST SENSITIVE)

23
Q

However, definitive diagnostic for pyelonephritis is

A

Urine culture

24
Q

Outpatient management for pyelonephritis

A

-Fluoroquinolones (-oxacin)
-If resistance > 10%, IV Ceftriaxone or Gentamicin followed by oral Fluoroquinolone

25
Q

If the patient is pregnant and have pyelonephritis, what is the treatment?

A

IV Ceftriaxone

(Aztreonam if PCN allergic)

26
Q

Inpatient management for pyelonephritis

A

-3rd or 4th Gen Cephalosporins
-Fluoroquinolones
-Aminoglycosides
-Extended spectrum PCN for 2 weeks

27
Q

What are 4 criteria for admission for a patient with pyelonephritis

A

-Older age
-Signs of obstruction
-Comorbid conditions
-Inability to tolerate oral ABX

28
Q

MCC of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

29
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia trachomatis urethritis

A

5-8 days incubation period followed by purulent discharge

Pruritus, hematuria, dyspareunia

40% are asymptomatic

30
Q

If the urethritis is gonococcal related, what are the onset and symptoms?

A

Abrupt onset of symptoms (within 3-4 days)
Opaque, yellow, white or clear thick discharge
Pruritus

20% are asymptomatic

31
Q

What are some symptoms of urethritis

A

-Urethral discharge
-Penile or vaginal pruritus
-Dysuria
-Abdominal pain
-Abnormal vaginal bleeding

32
Q

Most sensitive diagnostic test for urethritis

A

Nucleic acid amplification

33
Q

However, a gram stain can be done for urethritis. What is suggestive of urethritis?

A

2 or more WBC/hpf

34
Q

True or False: 25-30% of patients have a co-infection of both Gonorrhea and Chlamydia so empiric treatment of both is recommended if test results are not available?

A

True

35
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea urethritis

A

Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x 1 dose PLUS Azithromycin 1g x 1 dose

36
Q

Treatment for Chlamydial urethritis

A

Azithromycin 1g orally or Doxycycline 100 mg orally x 10 days

PANCE 2.0 (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions