GI #8 Flashcards
Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
Fecal-oral (contaminated food, water, blood transfusions, and mother-to-child transmission)
Treatment for Hepatitis E
- No treatment needed (self-limiting infection)
- Not associated with a chronic state (similar to HAV)
Hepatitis ___ has the highest mortality due to fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester
Hepatitis E
What does Hepatitis D require?
Defective virus that requires Hepatitis B virus to cause co or superimposed infection
How does Hepatitis D work with Hepatitis B?
-HDV uses HBsAg as its envelope protein
Transmission of Hepatitis D
-Primarily parenteral (exposure to blood or blood products)
How do you prevent Hepatitis D?
Hepatitis B vaccination
What is unique about Hepatitis C?
85% of patients with HCV develop chronic infection
-Hepatitis C is the most common _____
infectious cause of chronic liver disease, Cirrhosis, and liver transplantation in the US
MC transmission of Hepatitis C
-Parenteral: IVDU, needlestick injuries, blood transfusion before 1992
Although most patients with Hepatitis E, D, and C are asymptomatic, what are some symptoms they may develop?
Fatigue, myalgia, nausea, RUQ pain, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools
Hepatomegaly
Screening test for Hepatitis C
-HCV antibodies (positive within 6 weeks)
Confirmatory test for Hepatitis C
HCV RNA (more effective than antibodies)
Most effective way to determine effective treatment options for Hepatitis C?
Genotyping
Although there are treatment options for Hepatitis C, what are some associated risks with having this condition?
-Increased risk for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure
Treatment regimens for Hepatitis C
- Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir
- Two antivirals together
Transmission routes for Hepatitis B
- Percutaneous
- Sexual
- Parenteral
- Perinatal
Review Hepatitis B serologies
see above
What are some risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma
- Chronic liver disease (HBV, HCV, HDV, cirrhosis)
- Aflatoxin B1 exposure (Aspergillus)