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PSYCH 101 > Psych 4 (development, social influence) > Flashcards

Psych 4 (development, social influence) Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

The study of continuity and change—physical, cognitive, and social—throughout the life span

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2
Q

Sex

A

Biological; determined by chromosomes, genitals, hormones, etc.

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3
Q

Gender

A

societal constructions of male, female, and other gender variants

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4
Q

Gender roles

A

the behaviors a culture expects of its gender types

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5
Q

Social role theory

A

A way in which we learn gender roles. Human behavior is guided by expectations of which social roles we ought to hold

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6
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

When gender identity does not match external biology

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7
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

A stage of development from 0-2 yrs old. Babies take in the world and learn about it. Develop object permanence

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8
Q

Object permanence

A

The understanding that an object out of sight still exists

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9
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Stage of development from 2-7yrs old. Children learn pretend play, develop theory of mind

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10
Q

Egocentrism

A

Difficulty imagining another person’s point of view; characteristic of before development of theory of mind

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11
Q

Theory of mind

A

the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, reactions, feelings, etc. that are different from their own

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12
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional tie to a caregiver

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13
Q

Strange situation

A

A test of attachment style in babies, where mom leaves the room and then comes back

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14
Q

Secure attachment

A

Play comfortably in mom’s presence, explore the environment, become upset when she leaves, seek contact when she returns

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15
Q

Insecure attachment

A

Can include avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized attachments

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16
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Ignore mom when she’s in the room

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17
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

mom leaves→upset, mom returns→ignore her/be mad

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18
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Mixed reactions

19
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

20
Q

Permissive parenting

A

Parents submit to a child’s demand

21
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

Parents are demanding but responsive to their children

22
Q

Neglectful parenting

A

Parents are not demanding, not responsive

23
Q

Individualist culture

A

Focus on personal identities and freedoms

24
Q

Collectivist culture

A

Focus on the interests of the family and greater community

25
Q

Heritability

A

an estimate of the % of a trait’s variance in a population that is due to genes

26
Q

Adoption studies

A

similarities between adoptive child and adoptive parent vs. similarities between adopted child and biological parent

27
Q

Twin studies

A

similarities between identical twins vs similarities between fraternal twins

28
Q

Identical twins

A

develop from a single fertilized eggs (share 100% of DNA)

29
Q

Fraternal twins

A

develop from separate fertilized eggs (different genes! ~50% the same)

30
Q

Temperament

A

a person’s characteristic pattern of responding to the world; found in twin studies to have a strong genetic basis

31
Q

Prejudice

A

Positive or negative evaluation (judgment) of a person based on their apparent group membership, usually directed at groups different from our own

32
Q

Stereotype threat

A

People often behave as they are expected to behave

33
Q

Right-wing Authoritarianism

A

Endorses respect for obedience and authority in the service of group conformity, and focuses on group unity over individual rights

34
Q

Social dominance orientation

A

belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and even a good idea to maintain order and stability

35
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how peoples’ thoughts and behaviors may vary based on the social context

36
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

37
Q

Normative influence

A

A form of group pressure; desire for approval

38
Q

Informational influence

A

A form of group pressure; trying to be accurate/get things right

39
Q

Obedience

A

A person’s compliance when given an order or command from someone in a position of authority.

40
Q

Attitude

A

an evaluation about an object, person, or event that predisposes a person to feel or act in a particular way.

41
Q

Attribution

A

inference about the cause of a person’s behavior

42
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to make dispositional attributions over situational attributions (especially in others)

43
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

tensions that occur when attitudes and actions don’t match.

PSYCH 101 (5 decks)

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