Psych 3 (emotion, thinking)

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The purpose or goal of an action, energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal

Question 2

Instinct Theory

Answer 2

The idea that we behave because we’re pre-programmed

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

The idea that we behave to satisfy physiological needs

Question 4

Arousal Theory

Answer 4

The idea that we behave to be stimulated

Question 5

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Answer 5

The idea that we behave to satisfy a variety of needs, depending on which needs have already been met

Question 6

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 6

The idea that we behave to feel autonomous, competent, and related

Question 7

Instincts

Answer 7

Complex behaviors with fixed patterns. Unlearned, species-specific

Question 8

Drive

Answer 8

A physiological need creates a drive (aroused state of tension) that motivates the animal to meet the need

Question 9

Hunger

Answer 9

Bodily sensation that reflects a physiological need for calories

Question 10

Ghrelin

Answer 10

Hormone from the stomach–HUNGRY!

Question 11

PYY

Answer 11

Hormone from the intestines–all full, no more food!

Question 12

Leptin

Answer 12

Hormone from fat cells–increase metabolism, decrease hunger

Question 13

BMI

Answer 13

A formula to classify obesity, based on height and

weight

Question 14

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 14

States that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Question 15

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 15

driven by interest/ enjoyment of a task (e.g., learning); exists within an individual

Question 16

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 16

driven by rewards (e.g., GPA); exists outside of an individual

Question 17

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 17

The idea that some needs have priority over others

Question 18

Three innate psychological needs (Self-determination theory)

Answer 18

Autonomy, competence, relatedness

Question 19

Broadest current theory of motivation

Answer 19

Self-determination theory

Question 20

What makes up an emotion?

Answer 20

Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience

Question 21

James-Lange Theory

Answer 21

Our emotional experience is our awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing
stimuli (arousal happens FIRST)

Question 22

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 22

Emotion-arousing stimuli SIMULTANEOUSLY trigger arousal and feelings.

Question 23

Two-Factor Theory

Answer 23

We interpret/label our arousal by thinking. (Arousal & Thinking, THEN Feeling)

Question 24

Spill over effect

Answer 24

Evidence for the two-factor theory. Arousal can spill over from one event to the next, influencing
our response.

Question 25

Two factor theory: __ fuels emotion, __ channels it.

Answer 25

Arousal; cognition

Question 26

Problem-solving strategies

Answer 26

Trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight, rational decision making

Question 27

Algorithms

Answer 27

Can exhaust all possibilities before arriving at a solution. Used by computers

Question 28

Heuristics

Answer 28

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to make | judgments quickly. Faster, but more error-prone than algorithms. (Ex: voting based on party)

Question 29

Fixation

Answer 29

The inability to see a problem from a new/ different perspective. An obstacle to problem-solving (Ex: candle problem)

Question 30

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 30

A mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event. (Ex: cousin Rudy's occupation)

Question 31

Availability Heuristic

Answer 31

Items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently.

Question 32

The Choice Paradox

Answer 32

Repeated studies have shown that adding more choices changes the decision: people are more likely to go with the default (or non-action) choice.Adding a choice that no one wants can influence the appeal of the remaining choices. (

Question 33

Framing

Answer 33

Decisions and judgements can be influenced by how an issue is framed. People more sensitive to loss than they are to gains.

Question 34

General intelligence

Answer 34

The idea that general intelligence (g) exists comes from the work of Charles Spearman (1863-‐‐1945) who helped develop the factor analysis approach in statistics.

Question 35

Factor Analysis

Answer 35

A statistical test used to find relationships between multiple correlated variables.

Question 36

Fluid intelligence

Answer 36

Ability to solve new problems & identify patterns

Question 37

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 37

Ability to use learned knowledge & experience

Question 38

Intelligence tests do what?

Answer 38

Measure a person’s mental aptitudes and allow comparison to others using numerical scores

Question 39

Three criteria for psychological tests

Answer 39

1. Standardization 2. Reliability 3. Validity

Question 40

Standardization

Answer 40

Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison.

Question 41

Normal curve

Answer 41

A bell-shaped curve representing a normal distribution of scores on a tested population. Established by standardized tests

Question 42

Appetite

Answer 42

Our desire to eat

Question 43

Insight

Answer 43

sudden understanding, new idea/answer pops into head

Question 44

Convergent thinking

Answer 44

Identifying the one best solution to a problem

Question 45

Divergent thinking

Answer 45

Identifying many unique solutions to one problem