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PSYCH 101 > Psych 3 (emotion, thinking) > Flashcards

Psych 3 (emotion, thinking) Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

The purpose or goal of an action, energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal

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2
Q

Instinct Theory

A

The idea that we behave because we’re pre-programmed

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3
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

The idea that we behave to satisfy physiological needs

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4
Q

Arousal Theory

A

The idea that we behave to be stimulated

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5
Q

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

A

The idea that we behave to satisfy a variety of needs, depending on which needs have already been met

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6
Q

Self-Determination Theory

A

The idea that we behave to feel autonomous, competent, and related

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7
Q

Instincts

A

Complex behaviors with fixed patterns. Unlearned, species-specific

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8
Q

Drive

A

A physiological need creates a drive (aroused state of tension) that motivates the animal to meet the need

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9
Q

Hunger

A

Bodily sensation that reflects a physiological need for calories

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10
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hormone from the stomach–HUNGRY!

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11
Q

PYY

A

Hormone from the intestines–all full, no more food!

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12
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone from fat cells–increase metabolism, decrease hunger

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13
Q

BMI

A

A formula to classify obesity, based on height and

weight

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14
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

States that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

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15
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

driven by interest/ enjoyment of a task (e.g., learning); exists within an individual

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16
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

driven by rewards (e.g., GPA); exists outside of an individual

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17
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

The idea that some needs have priority over others

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18
Q

Three innate psychological needs (Self-determination theory)

A

Autonomy, competence, relatedness

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19
Q

Broadest current theory of motivation

A

Self-determination theory

20
Q

What makes up an emotion?

A

Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience

21
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Our emotional experience is our awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing
stimuli (arousal happens FIRST)

22
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Emotion-arousing stimuli SIMULTANEOUSLY trigger arousal and feelings.

23
Q

Two-Factor Theory

A

We interpret/label our arousal by thinking. (Arousal & Thinking, THEN Feeling)

24
Q

Spill over effect

A

Evidence for the two-factor theory. Arousal can spill over from one event to the next, influencing
our response.

25
Q

Two factor theory: __ fuels emotion, __ channels it.

A

Arousal; cognition

26
Q

Problem-solving strategies

A

Trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight, rational decision making

27
Q

Algorithms

A

Can exhaust all possibilities before arriving at a solution. Used by computers

28
Q

Heuristics

A

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to make

judgments quickly. Faster, but more error-prone than algorithms. (Ex: voting based on party)

29
Q

Fixation

A

The inability to see a problem from a new/ different perspective. An obstacle to problem-solving (Ex: candle problem)

30
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

A mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event. (Ex: cousin Rudy’s occupation)

31
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently.

32
Q

The Choice Paradox

A

Repeated studies have shown that adding more choices changes the decision: people are more likely to go with the default (or non-action) choice.Adding a choice that no one wants can influence the appeal of the remaining choices. (

33
Q

Framing

A

Decisions and judgements can be influenced by how an issue is framed. People more sensitive to loss than they are to gains.

34
Q

General intelligence

A

The idea that general intelligence (g) exists comes from the work of Charles Spearman
(1863-‐‐1945) who helped develop the factor analysis approach in statistics.

35
Q

Factor Analysis

A

A statistical test used to find relationships between multiple correlated variables.

36
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to solve new problems & identify patterns

37
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Ability to use learned knowledge & experience

38
Q

Intelligence tests do what?

A

Measure a person’s mental aptitudes and allow comparison to others using numerical scores

39
Q

Three criteria for psychological tests

A
  1. Standardization
  2. Reliability
  3. Validity
40
Q

Standardization

A

Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison.

41
Q

Normal curve

A

A bell-shaped curve representing a normal distribution of scores on a tested population. Established by standardized tests

42
Q

Appetite

A

Our desire to eat

43
Q

Insight

A

sudden understanding, new idea/answer pops into head

44
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Identifying the one best solution to a problem

45
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Identifying many unique solutions to one problem

PSYCH 101 (5 decks)

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