Psych

Question 1

Pseudohypersomnia

Answer 1

– stay in bed w/o sleeping (psychiatric)

Question 2

components of folstein MMSE

Answer 2

Orientation, Registration (memory), attention & calculation, recall, language

Question 3

components of complete MSE

Answer 3

• Orientation
• Recent and remote memory
• Attention and concentration
• Language
• Fund of knowledge
• Mood and affect

Question 4

lethargic vs obtunded

Answer 4

lethargic: drowsy but open eyes to look at you, respond to questions, fall back asleep
obtunded: open eyes to look at you but respond slowly & are confused

Question 5

Can a person w/aphasia write a correct sentence?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

circumstantiality

Answer 6

speech characterize by indirection and delya in reaching the point b/c of unnecessary detail, although parts may be meaningful. Many people w/o mental d/os speak circumstantially.

occurs in people w/obsessions

Question 7

derailment/loosening of associations

Answer 7

shift from one subjust to unrelated w/o realizing the subjects are not meaningfully connected

schizophrenia, manic episodes, other psychotic d/os

Question 8

flight of ideas

Answer 8

almost continuous flow of accelerated speech, topic to topic. Usually based in understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli but not sensible

manic episodes

Question 9

neologisms

Answer 9

invented or distorted, highly idiosyncratic meanings

schizophrenia, psychotic d/os, aphasia

Question 10

incoherence

Answer 10

largely incomprehensible speech d/t illogic, lack of meaningful connections, abrupt changes in topic, or d/oed grammar or word use. Shifts in meaning occur w/in clauses. Severe flight of ideas may produce incoherence.

severe psychotic disturbances (usually schizophrenia)

Question 11

blocking

Answer 11

sudden interruption of speech in midsentence before completion of idea. Lost the thought. Occurs in “normal people”

may be striking in schizophrenia

Question 12

confabulation

Answer 12

fabrication of facts/events in response to questions. To fill in gaps in an impaired memory.

Korsakoff’s syndrome from alcoholism

Question 13

perseveration

Answer 13

persistent repetition of words and phrases of others

schizophrenia and other psychotic d/os

Question 14

echolalia

Answer 14

repetition of words/phrases of others

manic episodes, schizophrenia

Question 15

clanging

Answer 15

speech in which person chooses word on basis of sound instead of meaning. E.g., “Look at my eyes and nose, wise eyes and rosy nose. Two to one, the ayes have it!”

schizophrenia & manic episodes

Question 16

compulsions

Answer 16

repetitive behaviors or mental acts feel driven to do to produce or prevent future state of affairs, although unrealistic

neurotic d/os

Question 17

obsessions

Answer 17

recurrent uncontrollable thoughts, images, or impulses that a person considers unacceptable and alien

neurotic d/os

Question 18

phobias

Answer 18

persistent, irrational fears, accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the stimulus

neurotic d/os

Question 19

anxieties

Answer 19

apprehensions, fears, tensions, or uneasiness that may be focused (phobia) or free-floating (general sense of ill-defined dread or impending doom)

neurotic d/os

Question 20

feelings of unreality

Answer 20

sense that things in environment are strange, unreal, remote

Question 21

feelings of depersonalization

Answer 21

sense that one’s self is different, changed, or unreal, or has lost identity or become detached from one’s mind or body

Question 22

delusions

Answer 22

false, fixed personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of person’s culture. Examples:

• delusions of…
  
  • persecution,
  • grandeur,
  • jealousy,
  • reference,
  • being controlled,
• somatic delusions,
• systematized delusion

Question 23

delusions of reference

Answer 23

person believes that external events, objects, or poeple have a particulr and unusual personal significance (e.g. radio giving instructions)

Question 24

somatic delusions

Answer 24

have dz, d/o, physical defect

Question 25

systematized delusions

Answer 25

single delusion w/many elaborations or a cluster of related delusions around a single theme - all systematized into a complex network

Question 26

illusions

Answer 26

• an abnormality of perception rather than thought content
• misinterpretations of real external stimuli
• may occur in grief reactions, delirium, acute and PTSD, schizophrenia

Question 27

Hallucinations

Answer 27

• an abnormality of perception rather than thought content
• subjective sensory perceptions in absence of relevant external stimuli - auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, somatic
• may occur in delirium, dementia (less common), PTSD, schizophrenia, alcoholism

Question 28

false perceptions assoc w/dreaming, falling asleep, and wakening- hallucinations?

Answer 28

No.

Question 29

utility of information and vocabulary in assessing higher cognitive functions

Answer 29

relatively unaffected by any but most severe psychiatric d/os.

helpful in distinguishing mental retardation (limited info/vocab) from mild to moderate dementia (preserved info/vocab)

Question 30

constructional ability

Answer 30

copy figures, draw a clock face

Question 31

if vision and motor ability are intact, what does poor constructional ability suggest?

Answer 31

dementia or parietal lobe damage. Possibly mental retardation.

Question 32

Screening scale for ETOH abuse

Answer 32

CAGE questionnaire