Psych Flashcards
Pseudohypersomnia
– stay in bed w/o sleeping (psychiatric)
components of folstein MMSE
Orientation, Registration (memory), attention & calculation, recall, language
components of complete MSE
- Orientation
- Recent and remote memory
- Attention and concentration
- Language
- Fund of knowledge
- Mood and affect
lethargic vs obtunded
lethargic: drowsy but open eyes to look at you, respond to questions, fall back asleep
obtunded: open eyes to look at you but respond slowly & are confused
Can a person w/aphasia write a correct sentence?
No
circumstantiality
speech characterize by indirection and delya in reaching the point b/c of unnecessary detail, although parts may be meaningful. Many people w/o mental d/os speak circumstantially.
occurs in people w/obsessions
derailment/loosening of associations
shift from one subjust to unrelated w/o realizing the subjects are not meaningfully connected
schizophrenia, manic episodes, other psychotic d/os
flight of ideas
almost continuous flow of accelerated speech, topic to topic. Usually based in understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli but not sensible
manic episodes
neologisms
invented or distorted, highly idiosyncratic meanings
schizophrenia, psychotic d/os, aphasia
incoherence
largely incomprehensible speech d/t illogic, lack of meaningful connections, abrupt changes in topic, or d/oed grammar or word use. Shifts in meaning occur w/in clauses. Severe flight of ideas may produce incoherence.
severe psychotic disturbances (usually schizophrenia)
blocking
sudden interruption of speech in midsentence before completion of idea. Lost the thought. Occurs in “normal people”
may be striking in schizophrenia
confabulation
fabrication of facts/events in response to questions. To fill in gaps in an impaired memory.
Korsakoff’s syndrome from alcoholism
perseveration
persistent repetition of words and phrases of others
schizophrenia and other psychotic d/os
echolalia
repetition of words/phrases of others
manic episodes, schizophrenia
clanging
speech in which person chooses word on basis of sound instead of meaning. E.g., “Look at my eyes and nose, wise eyes and rosy nose. Two to one, the ayes have it!”
schizophrenia & manic episodes
compulsions
repetitive behaviors or mental acts feel driven to do to produce or prevent future state of affairs, although unrealistic
neurotic d/os
obsessions
recurrent uncontrollable thoughts, images, or impulses that a person considers unacceptable and alien
neurotic d/os
phobias
persistent, irrational fears, accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the stimulus
neurotic d/os
anxieties
apprehensions, fears, tensions, or uneasiness that may be focused (phobia) or free-floating (general sense of ill-defined dread or impending doom)
neurotic d/os
feelings of unreality
sense that things in environment are strange, unreal, remote
feelings of depersonalization
sense that one’s self is different, changed, or unreal, or has lost identity or become detached from one’s mind or body
delusions
false, fixed personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of person’s culture. Examples:
- delusions of…
- persecution,
- grandeur,
- jealousy,
- reference,
- being controlled,
- somatic delusions,
- systematized delusion
delusions of reference
person believes that external events, objects, or poeple have a particulr and unusual personal significance (e.g. radio giving instructions)
somatic delusions
have dz, d/o, physical defect
systematized delusions
single delusion w/many elaborations or a cluster of related delusions around a single theme - all systematized into a complex network
illusions
- an abnormality of perception rather than thought content
- misinterpretations of real external stimuli
- may occur in grief reactions, delirium, acute and PTSD, schizophrenia
Hallucinations
- an abnormality of perception rather than thought content
- subjective sensory perceptions in absence of relevant external stimuli - auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, somatic
- may occur in delirium, dementia (less common), PTSD, schizophrenia, alcoholism
false perceptions assoc w/dreaming, falling asleep, and wakening- hallucinations?
No.
utility of information and vocabulary in assessing higher cognitive functions
relatively unaffected by any but most severe psychiatric d/os.
helpful in distinguishing mental retardation (limited info/vocab) from mild to moderate dementia (preserved info/vocab)
constructional ability
copy figures, draw a clock face
if vision and motor ability are intact, what does poor constructional ability suggest?
dementia or parietal lobe damage. Possibly mental retardation.
Screening scale for ETOH abuse
CAGE questionnaire
