Psych 10 (Batch 1)

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of mind and behavior

Question 2

What is structuralism?

Answer 2

It attempted to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements

Question 3

What is functionalism?

Answer 3

the study of the purpose and function of behaviors and mental processes

Question 4

What is behaviorism?

Answer 4

Study only observable behavior.

Question 5

What is the origin of cognitive psychology?

Answer 5

In the 1950’s and 1960’s cognitive psychologists posited that mental processes should play a larger role in understanding human behavior

Question 6

What is the psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 6

It attempts to explain how behavior and personality are
influenced by unconscious processes.

Question 7

What is cross-cultural psychology?

Answer 7

It is a field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviors across cultures

Question 8

What does WEIRD stand for?

Answer 8

Psychology is…

W: Western
E: Educated
I: Industrialized
R: Rich
D: Democratic

Question 9

How was the localization of brain function studied?

Answer 9

Using phrenology

Question 10

Who was Phineas Gage?

Answer 10

He got a tamping rod in the skull causing damage to the frontal lobe. It caused marked personality changes.

Question 11

Wilhelm Wundt - what school of thought?

Answer 11

Structuralism

Question 12

Edward Titchener - What school of thought?

Answer 12

Structuralism

Question 13

Sigmund Freud - What school of thought?

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 14

Why do we even need to use scientific methods to study people, isn’t psychology just studying the obvious?

Answer 14

• The media can misinterpret/oversimplify things
• Some things that seem obvious are still worthy of scientific study

Question 15

What happens with hindsight bias?

Answer 15

• Belief that an outcome was foreseeable after it
  has occurred (“knew it all along” effect)
• Findings seem obvious once we know them,
  were once controversial

Question 16

Why do we need to use scientific
methods to study psychology?

Answer 16

It helps reduce bias

Question 17

What are the steps to testing a hypothesis?

Answer 17

-1: Formulate a testable hypothesis
-2: Select the research method and design the study
-3: Collect the Data
-4: Analyze the data and draw conclusions
-5: Report the findings

Question 18

When do you use correlational designs?

Answer 18

To measure how closely two factors/variables vary
together, or how well you can predict a change in one
variable from observing a change in the other variable

Question 19

What’s positive correlation?

Answer 19

Both variables either increase or decrease together

Question 20

What’s negative correlation?

Answer 20

One variable increases when the other decreases

Question 21

What’s zero correlation?

Answer 21

One variable is not predictably related to the other

Question 22

What are some benefits/limitations to correlational design?

Answer 22

Benefits:
-Can sometimes be a more ethical approach
-Establishing relationships/making predictions

Limitations:
-Correlation cannot infer causation
-Issues with directionality & potential 3rd variable

Question 23

What’s random assignment?

Answer 23

Assigning participants randomly to experimental conditions (or levels of the IV)

Question 24

What are some benefits/drawbacks to experimental designs?

Answer 24

Benefits:
-CAN infer causation
-Precise control over variables can eliminate alternative explanations

Drawbacks:
-May be impractical or unethical to address certain types of research questions using an experimental design
-Highly controlled lab settings can make generalization of findings to the real world more difficult

Question 25

What happens with experimental design?

Answer 25

The investigator systematically manipulates a variable (IV) under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable (DV) as a result

Question 26

What makes a good theory?

Answer 26

-Falsifiable
-If findings support the hypothesis then confidence in the theory grows

Question 27

What makes a good hypothesis?

Answer 27

-Specific
-Testable

Question 28

Define operational (in context of operationalizing variables).

Answer 28

A description of a property in concrete measurable terms

Question 29

What type of evidence was embraced by structuralists but rejected by behaviorists?

Answer 29

introspection

Question 30

Who was the first person to open an experimental psychology lab?

Answer 30

Willhelm Wundt

Question 31

William James - which school of thought?

Answer 31

Functionalism

Question 32

Which school of psychological thought utilized introspection?

Answer 32

structuralism