PSYC112 Key reminders for exam Flashcards
Defence mechanisims for desires
Displacement
Reaction formation
Projection
Isolation
Displacement defence mechanisim
Redirecting impulses to a more socially acceptable channel
Reaction formation defence mechanisim
Original wish is supplanted with a wish of the opposite nature
Projection defence mechanisim
Projecting urges onto others
Isolation defence mechanisim
Awareness of memories but not emotions
Dissociating from emotions
Actor-observer effect =
Making internal attributions for others failures
But external attributions for our failures
ETC
Self serving bias =
People taking credit for their success but not failures
Piaget’s perceived stages of cognitive development;
Sensorimotor stage
Pre-operational stage
Concrete operations stage
Formal operations stage
Age of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
0-2
Age of pre-operational stage
2-7
Piaget’s Concrete operations stage age?
7 to 12
Piaget’s formal operations stage age
12+
What’s inside sensorimotor
Object permanence
Schema formation
Representational thought
Whats inside pre-operational
Language
Counting
Logical + symbollic thinking
Object manipulation
Whats inside concrete operations
Logcial analysis
Not egocentric
Cause + effect understanding
What’s insdie formal operations
Abstract reasoning
Metacognition
Object permanence age progression…
0-3
3-5
5-8
8-12
12+
Progression of object permanence skills…
Looking at cool stuff
Look at last place but no search
Anticipate the future place but no search
A not B search
Search in last place seen
IC’s in…
1930’s =
Prior =
= Bad, missing stuff
= Spiritual
3 Kholberg stages
Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post-conventional
Pre-conventional
Focused on self
Avoiding punisment and authority
Conventional level
Focused on others
Maintaining relationships and social order
Post conventional
Focused on ethics and principles
Kholberg’s stages show how we progress from consdieirng …. to …
Go from considering self to considering the broader things
Scribbling stage
Not representational
Pre-schematic stage
Tadpoles
Early schematic stage
Seperation of trunk and head
Schema developed
Later schematic stage
Substance added
Neck
Realistic stage
Detail - expressions, clothes etc
Period of indecision stage
Keep going or no
2 physiological responses + duration
SAM - immediate
HPA - longer term
SAM
Activation of sympathetic neurons
Activate adrenal glands
Produce …. adrenaline things
HPA
Anterior pituatary gland
Adrenal glands
Production of cortisol
Coping strategies for stress
- Problem focused
- Emotion focused
- Avoidance
- Social support
Avoidance strategies
Active - gym
Cognitive - book
Denial
Humor
Drugs
Prolem focused strats
Problem solving
Restructing
Optimisim
Emotion focused strats
Cry
Blame - self + others
Rumanisim
Optimisim
Acceptance
Social support strats
Appraisal support
Belonging support
Tangible support
Therapy approaches to stress
- Cognitive behaviour
- Acceptance
- Dilectial behaviour
- Pharmacotherpy
Pacifica models of health
Fonofale
Te Vaka Atafaga
Seitapu framework
Maori models of health
Te whare tapa wha
Whiti te ra
Meihana
Te Whare Tapa Wha Model
Taha Tinana
Taha Hinengaro
Taha Wairua
Taha Whanau
Whiti Te Ra model themes
Reo Maori = language
Taiao = connection to envrionment
Wairua = spiritual beliefs
Mahi-a-toi = art forms
Whanau = social/ relations
Whakapapa = intergenerational relationships
Meihana model - waka bit contains…
Waka
In between =
Tinana
Hinengaro
Wairua
Taiao
Iwi katoa = services and systems
Meihana model, 4 winds are…
Colonisation
Racisim
Migration
Marginilsation
Meihana model, 4 currents are…
Ahua
Tikanga
Whanau
Whenua
Fonofale pacifica model of health = a….
What is the base + roof
House
Base = family
Roof = culture
What are the pillars of Fonofale model
Physical
Mental
Spiritual
Other
What are the outside factors of Fonodale model
Context
Time
Envrionment
Te Vaka Atafaga model is a….
Waka with elder at front
Elements of Te Vaka Atafaga model
Envrionment
Spiritual
Physcial
Family
Social support
Mind
Seitapu has a focus on…
Is the … one
The worker (us)
Is the rings one
Seitapu
Centre =
Rings =
Centre = us
Rings =
Health sector
Ethics
Orginization
Tapu
Language
Families
Seitapu leaves =
+ What they need to do
Clinical theory
Cultural theory
Cultural practice
Clinical practice
ALL NEED TO BALANCE
2 Seitapu Boarders
Consumer
And families
4 key things to consider for pacifica:
Families
Language
Tapu
Orginisation
Why need to consider families
Key to recovery
Why need to consider Language
To get a medium for effective communication
Why need to consider Tapu
Their values for working etc
What they care about
Why need to consider orginisation
Workers capacity to effectively work with them
Between subjects design
Experience one - not all
Within subjects design
Experience all levels
Psychodynamic approach to treatment (aim+results)
Aim: clients acheive insight on how the psychodynamic processes affect their functioning - focus on dreams, past and free association
Eg; look at card and say what they see
Results: no evidence of this being effective
Behaviour approach to treatment (aim)
Clients identify that the behaviours are the cause of the disorder - trying to reinforce good behaviours rather than punishing bad ones
Eg; exposure therapy in VR
Cognitive approach to treatment (aim)
Clients identify and address maladaptive thoughts beliefs and assumptions
Eg; becks cognitive therapy + third wave
Cluster a,b,c = (key words)
Odd or eccentric
Dramatic
Anxious
Cluster A disorders
Paranoid personality d
Schizoid personality d
Schizotypal personality d
Cluster B disorders
Anti social personality d
Boarderline personality d
Histronic personality d
Narcissistic personality d
Cluster C disorders
Avoidant personality d
Dependant personality d
Obsessive compulsive personality d
Criteria for major depressive disorder
Low mood, loss of interest and loss of pleasire
Wight loss or gain
Sleep/ energy dificuilties
Changes in motor movements
Feelings of worthlessness
Dificuilties with concentration
Thoughts of self harm
Episodes in bipolar disorder
Major depressive episodes - hard to care for self
Depressive episodes - can care for self but not happy
Maniac episodes - talk fast, manic movements, impulse choices
Hypomaniac episodes - feel great, not enaging in super risky behaviours
Bizzare =
Persecutory =
Nihilistic =
Referential =
= Impossible
= False with others
= Ending world
= Message only for them
4 neurodevelopmental disorders
Intellectual disability
Learning disorders
Autisim spectrum disorders
ADHD
2 behavioural disruptive disorders
Oppositional defiant = no authority
Conduct disorder = extreme
Insomnia criteria
Dissatisfaction with sleep for at least 3 months - quality or quantity
Across 1 or more of the following areas
- Falling asleep
- Maintaining sleep
- Early morning waking
Which causes distress
Criteria for binge eating disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating (large amount)
3 or more of:
- Eating more rapidly than normal
- Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- Eating when not physically hungry
- Eating alone (hiding it)
- Feeling guilt afterwards
Functional impairment
Frequency must be: at least once a week for 3 months or more
No compensation
BMI’s
underweight =
normal weight =
overweight =
obese =
Under 18.5
18.5 - 25.0
25.0 - 30
30+
4 criteria of Bulimia Nervosa Criteria
Recurrent episodes of binge eating (high emounts)
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour (vommiting, laxitives, fasting, excessive exersise etc)
Frequency A + B once a week for 3 months or more
Self concept unduly influenced by shape and body weight
Key difference between Binge eating and Bulimia =
Binge has no compensatory strategies after but bulimia does
3 Anorexia Nervosa Criteria
Restriction of energy intake
Intense fear of gaining weight even though underweight
Any of the following:
- Dential of severity
- Disturbance in the perception of body weight or shape
- Undue influence of body weight or shape on self concept
Key difference between anorexia and bulimia is…
Anorexia has low BMI and intense fear of not gaining weight
An eating disorder focuses on…
A body dismorphic disorder focuses on…
Food
Defects in body
Within subjects =
All levels experienced by all participants
Between subjects =
Not all levels experienced by all participants
Hypothesis of lab 1 (stroop)
The reactions times would be longer in the color word condition than in the non-color word condition or in the rectangle condition
Percentage of errors would be highest in the color word condition
Hypothesis of Lab 2 (social influence)
For discussed issues, participants private opinions would shift towards the mean group opinion
For non discussed issues, there would be little to no change to private opinions
Hypothesis for Lab 3 (Group behaviour)
Participants will rate the outcome (clothing) of their own group (in-group) as better than the outcome of the other groups (out groups)
Internal attributions for success will be higher for the in group than for out group
External attributions for success will be higher for the out group than for the in group
Hypothesis for lab 5 (interview techniques)
Adults would report more touches than children
Adults would have higher accuracy scores than children
Hypothesis for lab 6 (first impressions)
Study 1:
When judging who looks more competent, participants will select elected candidates more often than non-elected candidates
Study 2:
When judging who looks more likable, participants will select elected candidates and non-elected candidates equally often
Hypothesis for lab 7 (categorical perception)
Speech sounds would be perceived categorically
In contrast, it was predicted that non-speech sounds would be perceived non-categorically
Hypothesis for lab 8 (evaluating the sensation seeking scale)
- Predictive validity:
The overall SSS score will be positively correlated with the average bet- Split half validity:
The odd and even numbered items on the SSS will be positively correlated with each other
- Split half validity:
Hypothesis for lab 9 (stress)
Heart rate and perceived level of stress would be similar for the baseline and relaxing but elevated immediately after the 4 mins of math problems.
