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PSYC112 > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget’s perceived stages of cognitive development;

A
  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Pre-operational stage
  3. Concrete operations stage
  4. Formal operations stage
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2
Q

What falls under Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2 years old
Object permanence
Schema formation
Representational thought

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3
Q

Object permanence process from 0-12 months

A

0-3months = look at interesting stuff
3 months = follow moving objects, stares where object has just disappeared but no searching
5 months = anticipate future position of object
8 months = searches for hidden object - a not b effect
12 months = search in last place they saw the object

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4
Q

What falls inside schema formation

A

Assimilation = new information is modified to fit in with an existing schema
Accomodation = existing schema is modified or changed by new experience.

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5
Q

Calling a rabbit a dog =
Learning the rabbit is not a dog and is a rabbit =

A

= Assimilation
= Accomodation

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6
Q

What falls under representational thought

A

Imitation
Deffered imitation
Symbolic play
Using words to represent objects

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7
Q

What falls under Piaget’s the Preoperational Stage

A

2-7 years
Can think logically and symbolically
Rapid development of language ability
Counting
Object manipulation

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8
Q

Conservation =

A

Specific properties of objects remain the same despite apparent changes or arrangement of the object

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9
Q

Egocentrism =

A

A childs beleif that others see the world the exact same as them - the only way to see it in their eyes.

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10
Q

What is inside Piaget’s Concrete Operations Stage

A

7 to 12 years
Can perform logical analysis
Can have empathy - not egocentric
Can understand complex cause and effect relations

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11
Q

What falls within Piaget’s formal operations stage?

A

12+
Abstract reasoning
Metacognition - thinking about own thinking

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12
Q

What are the 2 criticisms of Piaget

A
  1. Babies don’t seem to start with nothing
  2. Cognitive development isn’t an all or nothing phenomenon
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13
Q

Authorotative parenting

A

High demandingness
High responsivness

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14
Q

Authorotarian parenting

A

High demandingness
Low responsiveness

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15
Q

Permissive parenting

A

Low demandingness
High reponsiveness

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16
Q

Disengaged parenting

A

Low demandingness
Low responsiveness

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17
Q

What are Kholberg’s 3 stages

A
  1. Pre-conventional level
  2. Conventional level
  3. Post conventional level
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18
Q

Kholbergs Preconventional Level

A

Behaviour based on external sanctions like authority and punishment

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19
Q

Kholbergs Conventional Level

A

An understanding that the social system has an interest in peoples behaviour
Understanding of stuff that isn’t just you - other people effect

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20
Q

Kholbergs Post-conventional Level

A

Moral rules have some underying principles that apply to all situations and societies.
Ethical system

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21
Q

Gender roles

A

Cultural expectations

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22
Q

Gender steryeotypes

A

Societal norms

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23
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

Adrenal glands lacking an enzyme that keeps hormones in check
Eg - produce too much testosterone so clitorus resembles penis

24
Q

Scribbling stage of drawing

A

Not representative

25
Q

Preschematic stage of drawing

A

Tadpoles

26
Q

Early Schematic stage of drawing

A

Schema developed
Seperation of trunk from head

27
Q

Later Schematic stage of drawing

A

Substance added
Arms correct
Detail
Neck representation

28
Q

Realistic stage of drawing

A

More detail

29
Q

Period of indecision stage of drawing

A

Deciding whether they are an art person or not

30
Q

When drawing for communication aid, what is not important?

A

Context of drawing
Just measuring what they say while drawing

31
Q

2 manipulated variables in Butler, Gross, Hayne?

A

Interview
Question type

32
Q

2 measured variables in Butler, Gross and Hayne?

A

Amount recalled
Errors in recall

33
Q

Butler, Gross and Hayne overall found that…

A

Children in draw and tell reported twice as much info in direct recall phase than the tell (no drawing) children did
Accuracy same
OVERALL
Say more with directed and drawing

34
Q

What governs children’s ability to act as reliable witnesses

A

Memory
Verbal reports
Suggestibility

35
Q

Potential problems for child witnesses

A

Lack of legal knowledge
Intimidating to confront accused
Scary courtroon envrionment
Cross examination goals

36
Q

In NZ the current situation for child witnesses is…

A

3 options;
In courtroom with shielding screen from accused
Another room via CCTV
Pre recorded video tape

Judge no longer warns jury that children are prone to distortion of facts

37
Q

IC’s are more common in … than …

A

Girls than boys

38
Q

Prior to the 20th century, IC’s were seen as…

A

Spiritual or religious terms

39
Q

From the 1930’s IC’s were seen as…

A

Bad and not encouraged
Said that if they had imaginary friends then they are missing something

40
Q

What percent of IC’s are based on real people

A

16%

41
Q

True or false, Attatchment objects are less common than IC’s

A

False - they are more common

42
Q

Attatchment objects help to…

A

Reduce distress
Facilitate exploration

43
Q

Overall, the conclusion on IC’s and AO’s is that….

A

There are benefits with them but ALSO no negatives of not having one

44
Q

American Academy of Pediatrics recomend that…
0-2
3-8
8+
Should have how many hours of TV per day

A

0-2 = none
3-8 = 1 hour
8+ = 1.5-2 hours

45
Q

Ball and Bogatz for sesame street found…

A

Children who watched the highest levels of sesame street showed the highest levels of skills
Poorer children had the biggest growth

46
Q

Powerangers study found…

A

There was an immediate effect of power rangers - more agressive
- Especially boys

47
Q

Problem with the Poweranges study…

A

Did not test if the effect lasted

48
Q

Huessman study on criminal offences found…

A

Boys who exhibited higher preference for violent TV commited more serious crimes

49
Q

What was the problem with the Huessman criminal offences-tv study

A

Could be other factors effecting

50
Q

What gender spends more time on videogames?

A

Males

51
Q

Potential benefits of video games are:

A
  • Theraputic for illnesses
  • Fine motor skills and co-ordination
  • Distraction
  • Decision making
52
Q

Anderson and Dill videogame study 1 found…

A

Videogame use correlated with aggressive personality, non-agressive deliquency and aggressive delinquincy

53
Q

Anderson and Dill’s seccond videogame study found…

A

Women delivered longer white noise blasts than men
Individuals with higher agressive personality scores delivered longer blasts than those who played the non-violent videogame

54
Q

The results of the Anderson and Dill study occured even when…

A

Other variables were controlled for

55
Q

What is the comparison of danger for videogames vs tv + why

A

Danger of violent videogames is greater than the dangers of violent tv
Because the player is the aggressor and there are often rewards for aggression
Whereas tv is out of control more.

PSYC112 (5 decks)

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