Developmental Psychology Flashcards
Piaget’s perceived stages of cognitive development;
- Sensorimotor stage
- Pre-operational stage
- Concrete operations stage
- Formal operations stage
What falls under Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage?
0-2 years old
Object permanence
Schema formation
Representational thought
Object permanence process from 0-12 months
0-3months = look at interesting stuff
3 months = follow moving objects, stares where object has just disappeared but no searching
5 months = anticipate future position of object
8 months = searches for hidden object - a not b effect
12 months = search in last place they saw the object
What falls inside schema formation
Assimilation = new information is modified to fit in with an existing schema
Accomodation = existing schema is modified or changed by new experience.
Calling a rabbit a dog =
Learning the rabbit is not a dog and is a rabbit =
= Assimilation
= Accomodation
What falls under representational thought
Imitation
Deffered imitation
Symbolic play
Using words to represent objects
What falls under Piaget’s the Preoperational Stage
2-7 years
Can think logically and symbolically
Rapid development of language ability
Counting
Object manipulation
Conservation =
Specific properties of objects remain the same despite apparent changes or arrangement of the object
Egocentrism =
A childs beleif that others see the world the exact same as them - the only way to see it in their eyes.
What is inside Piaget’s Concrete Operations Stage
7 to 12 years
Can perform logical analysis
Can have empathy - not egocentric
Can understand complex cause and effect relations
What falls within Piaget’s formal operations stage?
12+
Abstract reasoning
Metacognition - thinking about own thinking
What are the 2 criticisms of Piaget
- Babies don’t seem to start with nothing
- Cognitive development isn’t an all or nothing phenomenon
Authorotative parenting
High demandingness
High responsivness
Authorotarian parenting
High demandingness
Low responsiveness
Permissive parenting
Low demandingness
High reponsiveness
Disengaged parenting
Low demandingness
Low responsiveness
What are Kholberg’s 3 stages
- Pre-conventional level
- Conventional level
- Post conventional level
Kholbergs Preconventional Level
Behaviour based on external sanctions like authority and punishment
Kholbergs Conventional Level
An understanding that the social system has an interest in peoples behaviour
Understanding of stuff that isn’t just you - other people effect
Kholbergs Post-conventional Level
Moral rules have some underying principles that apply to all situations and societies.
Ethical system
Gender roles
Cultural expectations
Gender steryeotypes
Societal norms
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Adrenal glands lacking an enzyme that keeps hormones in check
Eg - produce too much testosterone so clitorus resembles penis
Scribbling stage of drawing
Not representative
