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PSY343 > PSY343 - 2. Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies > Flashcards

PSY343 - 2. Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Influenced by: Jean Charcot believed bodily
symptoms result of psychological disturbances
Pierre Janet: connections betw the past traumatic events
of a person’s life + present day symptom

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2
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

hypothesized psychopathology must arise from repression of sexual needs + feelings.

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3
Q

Background

A

pleasure principle – drive for pleasurable sensation instinctual + normal part of human development
personality shaped by biological drives expressed early in life through preoccupation with specific parts of the body

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4
Q

Background

A

Each stage involves gratification associated with function of that part of the body + child’s developmental stage
Psychopathology result of fixation at a developmental stage

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5
Q

Background

A

psychoanalysis – focused on accessing unconscious mind

Neo-Freudians – psychoanalysts who broke from Freud

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6
Q

Background

A

Psychodynamic therapy is umbrella category includes psychoanalysis + ones emerged out of psychoanalytic context (object relations, self-psychology)

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7
Q

Theory of Personality

A

Psychoanalysis emphasizes influence of biology + early childhood experiences on personality development
Personality is influenced by both conscious + unconscious motivational forces, which can sometomes conflict

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8
Q

Personality Structure

A

Id: biological component
Ego: psychological component
Superego: social component

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9
Q

Theory of Personality

A

“conflict model”: continuous conflict betw Ego + other 2 structures (Id + Superego)
deal with conflict, Ego develops defense mechanisms to keep conflict from surfacing (becoming conscious)

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10
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

automatic ways of responding to situations that arouse unconscious threats/fears

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11
Q

Theory of Personality

A

-

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12
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Repression – removing painful memory or feeling from consciousness
Projection – unacceptable impulses or feelings to another person

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13
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Displacement – unacceptable thoughts, feelings, wishes, urges + impulses from real target to less threatening object
Denial – refusal to accept external reality when it is too threatening

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Avoidance – withdrawing from experience of pain or anxiety
Splitting – seeing some people as all good + others as all bad, or idealizing + devaluing same person
Sublimation – channelling one’s impulses into positive, culturally desirable activities

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15
Q

Theory of Personality

A

-

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16
Q

Theory of Personality

A

pathological personalities determined by way moves through the stages of development
moves through each stage without getting stuck will develop a “normal” personality
fixated on a stage, pathology may develop

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17
Q

How does fixation occur?

A

Biology: Some more naturally susceptible to getting stuck
Trauma: traumatic events at particular stage might result in gelng stuck

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18
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A 
When libidinal energy becomes fixated at particular stage, person will manifest personality style that reflects focus of stage:
Oral Stage (0-1 yr) – ability to trust, to love + form close relationships + development of self-esteem
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19
Q

Theory of Personality

A 
Anal Stage (1-3 yrs) – inability to recognize + express anger, leading to denial of own power as person + low sense of autonomy
Phallic Stage (3-6 yrs) – inability to fully accept sexuality + sexual feelings
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20
Q

Theory of Personality

A 
Latency Stage (6 yrs-puberty) – No psychosexual development takes place during this stage
Genital Stage (puberty – adulthood) – Successful resolution of previous stages
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21
Q

Goal of Psychoanalysis

A

Long term, intensive process: typically 2-5x per week for 3-5 years
uncover sources of past pain causing problems in present

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22
Q

Goal of Psychoanalysis

A

discover obstacles for acting in line with goals, wants, desires
Reworking old patterns so indiv is more free to respond in new ways

23
Q

Therapy Process: Transference

A

transfer of feelings originally experienced in early significant relationship to other ppl in the present environment
transference reactions analyzed + interpreted

24
Q

Therapy Process

A

origins of transference understood + resolved, ego strengthened, + client able to relate to others in healthier way
Neo-Freudians challenged + broadened transference

25
Q

Therapeutic Stance: Neutrality

A

therapist as “blank screen”
Listening with ‘third ear: Attuned to underlying meanings, symbols, contradictions + important omission that may help analyst unlock the unconscious

26
Q

Therapeutic Stance

A

Evenly hovering attention: Listening to all the levels of communication at once

27
Q

Therapy Techniques

A

Interpretation: shares understanding of central theme, often facet of transference
Free association: Exploring unconscious through spontaneous associations (words, dreams, fantasies, memories), unedited streams of consciousness

28
Q

Therapy Techniques

A

Dream interpretation: investigation of repressed feelings expressed through dreams, hidden motives, wishes, fears
Defense analysis: Focuses on what patient is resisting, how s/he is resisting, and why s/he is resisting

29
Q

Therapeutic Alliance

A

necessity of good rapport betw the analyst + patient
Ruptures in alliance can lead to a temp deterioration of mutual agreements concerning tasks + goals of treatment + heightened resistance + increase in negative transference

30
Q

Countertransference

A

reactions towards transference due to own unconscious
conflict
Originally considered serious obstacle to effective treatment

31
Q

Countertransference

A

Current definition broadened to include all

analyst’s reactions to patient conscious + unconscious

32
Q

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis

A

Eurocentric approach: Rooted in secular values
Heavily influenced by gender and sexual
politics of late 19th + 20th century
Difficult to study scientifically

33
Q

Psychodynamic Approaches

A

Maintain structural theory of id, ego,superego

Focus on how paKent experiences self in context of interpersonal relationships

34
Q

Psychodynamic Approaches

A

Transference – countertransference enactments
important source of info about interpersonal + intrapsychic dynamics of both members
interpreting transference still key to elucidating patient’s intrapsychic life

35
Q

Divergence from Psychoanalysis

A

Degree transference major focus of treatment main distinction
Rejection/deemphasis of drive theory + psychosexual stages

36
Q

Divergence from Psychoanalysis

A

Focus on attachment: interpersonal relationships

Frequency of sessions, use of a couch

37
Q

Relational Psychoanalysis

A

emphasize relationship betw self + others as major organizing principle in lives
Reject Freud’s idea initial pull toward objects based primarily on object’s role in serving instinctual discharge

38
Q

Relational Psychoanalysis

A

importance of early mother-infant relationship + in facilitating or arresting personality development

39
Q

Relational Psychoanalysis

A

Psychopathology from environmental failures leading to faulty internalization of early interpersonal relationships
patient-analyst dyad interactive + reciprocally influential
Interpretation deemphasized for providing corrective emotional experience

40
Q

Relational Psychoanalysis

A

Active Ingredients: Increasingly coherent, plausible narratives co-constructed by patient + therapist
holding environment provided by therapist can constitute corrective emotional experience that allows patient to risk new ways of relating to others

41
Q

Relational Psychoanalysis

A

patient can experience diff aspects of self + learn various self-states influenced by interpersonal contexts
patient emerges with more balanced integrated view of
self + other

42
Q

Adlerian Therapy

A

Human behaviour is goal-oriented + socially embedded

family serves as first social group; people are influenced by their unique positions in their family constellation

43
Q

Adlerian Therapy

A

Pathological personalities emerge from family atmosphere of competition, mistrust, neglect, domination, abuse or pampering
Social interest: willingness to participate in life +
cooperate with others opposite of self-interest

44
Q

Adlerian Therapy

A

Time-limited treatment
Collaboration betw client + therapist necessary for change to take place
Therapy helps patients become aware of mistaken goals + change behaviour

45
Q

Brief Dynamic Therapy

A

Incorporates presence of resistance. value of interpretation, working alliance central
Length treatment decreased
Targets focal interpersonal problem within first few sessions

46
Q

Brief Dynamic Therapy

A

Goals determined early
Therapist less neutral, more active
Transference interpretations happen earlier

47
Q

Research on Psychoanalysis

A

No RCTs
difficult to study
process long term + unstructured

48
Q

Research on Psychoanalysis

A

case study basis for developing clinical + theoretical views

Empirical research considered less useful given idiographic nature of psychoanalysis

49
Q

Research on Psychoanalysis

A

-

50
Q

Research on Psychodynamic Therapies

A

efforts to establish stronger empirical base for effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies
more effective than placebo, supportive therapy, or TAU; no difference between psychodynamic + other bona fide treatments

51
Q

Research on Psychodynamic Therapies

A

Efficacious for common mental disorders(depression,
anxiety, personality disorders, PTSD, etc.)
5 year follow up 87% (of patients who received TAU continued borderline personality disorder vs. 13% of psychodynamic patients

52
Q

Video of Psychodynamic Therapy

A

checking back with the client whether he agrees with her interpretation
discourse rather than blank space
contemporary

53
Q

Video of Psychodynamic Therapy

A

bring to consciousness unconsciously reenacting old patterns

losing father - respond to loss by numbing himself when there’s a threat

PSY343 (11 decks)

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