PSY2003 W4(8) Reading Flashcards
What emerges in this longitudinal studies of NMS in Parkinson’s disease?
Sociodemographic variables emerged as significant risk factors in many NMS.
Patient’s sex was significant for all NMS, with female sex being associated with worse outcomes for hallucinations, depression, and insomniaassociation between female sex and depression and insomnia is not specific to Parkinson’s disease, but could come from a mixture of social, psychological, and biological factors; however, the true nature of factors underpinning the association between sex and these NMS is still unclear.
What was associated with female sex?
The association between female sex and hallucinations could potentially be explained by an increased susceptibility of female patients to the side effects of dopaminergic medication compared with male patients.
What was identified as a risk factors for dementia, apathy and hallucination?
older age
What emerged as a risk factor for apathy and cognitive impairment and demention?
A low level of education emerged as a risk factor for apathy and cognitive impairment and dementia, but the association between cognitive impairment and level of education is also found in the general population, and hence is not specific to patients with Parkinson’s disease.
What are the main drivers for the NMS that have been discussed in this review?
Disease severity, sex, age, and antiparkinsonian
medication
What did reviews further show what?
This Review further shows that, with the exception of Parkinson’s disease dementia and mild cognitive impairment, consensus is needed on how the various NMS in patients with Parkinson’s disease should be diagnosed or monitored.
Such a consensus is
particularly relevant for NMS that overlap with the features of Parkinson’s disease, such as depression and apathy, that could confound the interpretability of findings with respect to risk factors and impede the implementation of appropriate treatments.
