PSY2003 W2 Schizophrenia 2 - (L) Flashcards
What is the neuropathology obsevred in schizophrenia?
There’s a large loss in gray matter in different regions of the schizophrenia brain.
What are some cognitive aspects of schizophrenia?
Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases
What are some social aspects of schizophrenia?
Theory of mind might be impaired in schizophrenia; some aspect of socializing might be difficult.
What are some family aspects of schizophrenia?
Double bind and paradoxical communication, Communication deviance and expressed emotions
What are some major cognitive theories in schizophrenia?
Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases
What are some psychological therapies that might work?
Social skills training, CBT reattribution therapy, Personal therapy, Cognitive remediation training, Family interventions and Community Care
What is a specific genetic factor for schizophrenia?
Copy Number Variants (CNVs)
What is CNV associated with?
Associate with lots of different aspects of psychiatry (autism and schizophrenia) If you have a CNV you might not have any symptoms, but you might also have the criteria of certain disorders.
What is CNV?
Copy Number variants: particular part of the chromosome that is deleted (deletion) or duplicatde (duplication)
What is a region of interest for CNVs?
16p11.2 with genes of interest, associated with brain development, you can have CNV of this region
How does CNVs lead to brain differences (dopamine)?
NO known but there are some geens related to dopamine within the CNV region
What is the differences between a healthy control subject and a schizophrenic patient brain?
Smaller cortex, smaller hippocampus, temporal lobe degeneration, large ventricles, frontal cortex
What did Tjompason et al. 2001 study?
Very early onset (12Y), longitudinal MRI, watch grey matter over time, compare with controls.
What is obsevred in schizophrenic patients ?
Severe loss is observed (red and pink, up to 5% annually) in parietal motor and temporal cortices.
What also happens in normal adolecent?
A ‘normal’ brain will pruned, so you will loss gray matter
What is the main difference between both gray matter losses ?
However, in people with schizophrenia there is more loss of grey matter, in different areas.
What does this gray matter loss say about symptoms?
It might be easier to link this general neuropathology to underlying, basic cognitive symptoms than hallucinations or delusions.
What is eye tracking sometimes related to in schizophrenia?
Could be related to over acting dopamine or frontal lobe.
What is the difference in eye tracking in schizophrenic patients?
Usually, we have a smooth pursuit response of eyes to moving target in a control participant. Patients with schizophrenia have a difficulty making a smooth pursuit movement with their eyes.
What does impaired smooth pursuit in all diretions typically indicate?
Cerebellar dysfunction, it becomes more saccadic with age or due to certain drugs.
What odes the wisconsin card sorting task reflect for schizophrenic patients?
The ability to do this test is impaired in schizophrenia as well as frontal lobe damage (brain damage). The rule changes people with schizophrenia will just continue with the first rule.
What is the link between prepulse inhibiton and schizophrenia?
altered in schizophrenia (as well as eye tracking), could be linked to dopamine. People with schizophrenia struggle with habituating to stimuli.
How does the theory of the mind differ in schizophrenia?
Theory of mind might be impaired in schizophrenia; some aspect of socializing might be difficult. Theory of mind might be overactive, It could lead to hallucinations. Theory of mind distorted in schizophrenia. It could be impaired or overactive, we aren’t sure which one.
What are some cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia?
Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases
What is a cogntive biases
Over report confrontational interactions
What is a attentional bias?
Like anxiety, over attend to negative stimuli
What is the reasoning bias?
jumping to conclusions.
What is the interpretatinal biases?
Hearing voices
What is Seligman’s attributional model?
Attribution of negative events to 3 dimensions.
What are the three dimensions (Seligman)
Internal vs external. Global vs specific, Stable vs unstable.
How to schizophrenic people interpret negative events?
External, if they are stable, global and external this could lead to delusion (persecutions)
What are a few things linking family and schizophrenia?
Double bind and paradoxical communication, Communication deviance and expressed emotions
What is a Doublind bind and paradoxical communication?
the verbal message may contradict the implied message therefore invalidating both.
Is therea link between SES and schizophrenia?
Low SES is associated with schizophrenia.
What is the social drift hypothesis?
those with schizophrenia have difficulty with employment and drift to lower SES.
What is the sociogenic hypothesis?
lower SES, more stressful life events. Book stats (Davey) that parental SES at time of birth is not associated with increased risk but
How could you treat schizophrenia?
Social skills training, CBT reattribution therapy, Personal therapy, Cognitive remediation training, Family interventions and Community Care
