Psy15 Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Question 1

stereotypes

Answer 1

Beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of particular groups

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

A negative attitude or affective response toward a certain group and its individual members

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

Unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group

Question 4

modern racism

Answer 4

Prejudice directed at other racial groups that exists alongside rejection of explicitly racist beliefs

Question 5

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 5

A technique for revealing nonconscious prejudices toward particular groups

Question 6

priming

Answer 6

A procedure used to increase the accessibility of a concept or schema (for example, a stereotype)

Question 7

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 7

A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources

Question 8

ethnocentrism

Answer 8

Glorifying one’s own group while vilifying other groups

Question 9

superordinate goals

Answer 9

Goals that transcend the interests of any one group and that can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together

Question 10

minimal group paradigm

Answer 10

An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these “minimal groups” are inclined to behave toward one another

Question 11

social identity theory

Answer 11

A theory that a person’s self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs

Question 12

basking in reflected glory

Answer 12

The tendency for people to take pride in the accomplishments of those with whom they are in some way associated, as when fans identify with a winning team

Question 13

frustration-aggression theory

Answer 13

A theory that elaborates the idea that frustration leads to aggression

Question 14

outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 14

The tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups

Question 15

paired distinctiveness

Answer 15

The pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they co-occur

Question 16

subtyping

Answer 16

Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole

Question 17

stereotype threat

Answer 17

People’s fear of confirming the stereotypes that others have regarding a group of which they are a member