Psy 5 - Substance Abuse Flashcards
What is the difference of mechanisms of action of barbiturates vs benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines: It increases GABA by increasing the FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening. Barbiturates: Increases GABA by increasing the DURATION of Cl- channel opening. [Barb likes it longer Ben more frequently]
How do we treat benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil but can cause severe withdrawal syndrome.
What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?
CNS depression. Euphoria. Nausea/vomiting. Constipation. Pupillary constriction (miosis). Seizures (in higher doses). Respiratory depression.
What are the treatments for opioid overdose?
Naloxone, naltrexone.
What are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
Sweating. Dilated pupils. Piloerection. Yawning. Rhinorrhea. Flu-like symptoms.
What can be given to patients having withdrawal symptoms from heroin use?
Methadone. Suboxone (Naloxone + buprenorphine).
What is the mechanism of amphetamines?
Increases neuronal firing by increasing the release of catecholamines.
What is the mechanism of cocaine?
Blocks the reuptake of catecholamines.
What can we use for someone with cocaine overdose?
Benzodiazepines. Haloperidol.
What is the mechanism of PCP?
NMDA receptor antagonist. Inhibits nicotinic ACh receptors. Dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
What are the symptoms of PCP use?
Belligerence. Impulsiveness. Agitation. Nystagmus. Homicidal ideation. Violence. Psychosis. Delirium.
What is the treatment for PCP use?
Benzodiazepine. Antipsychotics.
What is the mechanism of LSD?
Multiple areas in the CNS but mainly in the 5-HT receptors.
What are the symptoms of LSD use?
Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Visual hallucinations. Flashbacks (even years after using it). Pupillary dilation.
What is the treatment for LSD use?
Benzodiazepines. Don’t use antipsychotics because it might make the symptoms worse.
What is the active ingredient in marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol. This affects the THC receptors and CV-1 receptors.
What are the symptoms of marijuana use?
Euphoria. Anxiety. Paranoia. Delusions. Perception of slowed time. Impaired judgement. Social withdrawal. Increased appetite. Dry mouth. Hallucinations. Redness of eyes. Future development of schizophrenia.
What are the symptoms of marijuana withdrawal?
Irritability. Insomnia. Nausea. Symptoms peak in 48 hrs and last 5-7 days. Detected in urine for up to 1 month after last use.
What are the symptoms of MDMA use?
Euphoria. Decreased anxiety. Sense of intimacy w/ others. Tachycardia. Jaw clenching. Dehydration. They like to dance.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of Marijuana?
Red eyes.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of LSD?
Mydriasis.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of PCP?
Some mydriasis. Vertical and horizontal nystagmus.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of cocaine?
Mydriasis.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of amphetamines?
Mydriasis.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of organophosphates?
Miosis.
What eye symptom do we see with the use of opioids?
Miosis.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes Post-op constipation and/or respiratory depression?
Opioid use.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes severe depression, headache, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, hunger?
Cocaine or amphetamine withdrawal.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes pinpoint pupils, nausea, vomiting, seizures.
Opioid overdose.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes belligerence, impulsiveness, nystagmus, homicidal ideation, psychosis?
PCP intoxication.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes headache, anxiety/depression, weight gain?
Withdrawal from nicotine or caffeine.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety/depression, delusions, hallucination, flashbacks?
LSD intoxication.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes rebound anxiety, tremors, seizures, life-threatening?
Withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates.
What drug intoxication or withdrawal causes anxiety, piloerection, yawning, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, diarrhea?
Opioid withdrawal.
What is the treatment for overintoxication of alcohol?
IVFs, respiratory/blood monitoring, time.
What is the treatment for overintoxication of benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil.
What is the treatment for overintoxication of PCP?
Benzodiazepines, haloperidol.
What is the treatment for overintoxication of opioids?
Naloxone, naltrexone.
What are the three main therapeutic uses of amphetamines?
Treatment of ADHD, weight loss, narcolepsy and related sleep disorders.
What are the symptoms of barbiturates and benzodiazepines use?
CNS depression. Decreased anxiety. Disinhibition. Coma. Severe respiratory depression.
