PSY 1A Midterm Flashcards
interconnections of thoughts, feelings, behaviors
self
THE TRIPARTITE COMPOSITION OF THE SELF
- emotional
- behavioral
- thinking component
person’s feelings about somehting
emotional component
person’s influenced to act or behave
behavioral component
person’s thoughts, belief, knowledge
thinking component
TWO THINKING SYSTEMS
- System 1 (autopilot mode)
- System 2 (intentional mode)
emotions and intuitions
tiny decisions everyday
System 1 — Autopilot mode
takes a deliberate effort to turn it on
decisions that require attention
System 2 — intentional mode
brain – simplify infos
systematic error in our thinking - decision
cognitive bias
GIVE THE 6 COGNITIVE BIASES
- Selective abstraction
- Dichotomous thinking
- Over generalization
- Magnification
- Minimization
- Arbitrary inference
only focus on certain details
selective abstraction
things are completely good or bad
dichotomous thinking
drawing conclusion with very little informations
over generalization
overstimation of an event
magnification
minimizing value
minimization
drawing conclusion with no evidence
arbitrary inference
Who is behind The Ecological Theory?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
THE ECOLOGICAL THEORY
- Microsystem
- Mesosystem
- Exosystem
- Macrosystem
- Chronosystem
immediate environment
microsystem
interconnectons of mcrosystem
mesosystem
indirect environment (parent’s job) - religion
exosystem
cultural values - needs -> inner
macrosystem
changes over time (divorce)
chronosystem
Who is behind Social Self Theory
Development Stages
George Herbert Mead
DEVELOPMENT STAGES
- Preparatory stage (b - 2y)
- Play stage (2 - 6y)
- GAme stage (7+)
children tends to mimic others
preparatory stage
children pay pretend = role expectation
play stage
children know the rules and can start to be anxious
game stage
Who is behind Psychoanalytic Theory
& The Structural Model
Sigmund Freud
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
- Psychoanalysis
- Structure of the mind
- Psychosexual development
- Defense mechanism
- The Structural Model
understanding and treating mental disorders
psychoanalysis
Structure of the mind
- Conscious mind
- Preconscious mind
- Unconscious mind
thoughts we are aware of
conscious mind
pieces of information that can be moved to consciousness
preconscious mind
forgotten memory
unconscious mind
Psychosexual Development
- Oral Stage (b- 18m)
- Anal stage (18m - 3y)
- Phallic Stage (3-6y)
- Latency stage (6y - puberty)
- Genital Stage (puberty+)
focus: mouth
foundation for trust and attachment
oral stage
anal
stage for independence and self-control .. toilet training
anal stage
genitals (sexual identity)
Oedipus complex (boys) — Electra complex (girls)
phallic stage
repression of sexual desires
building friendships and skills
latency stage
genitals (sexual maturation & relationships)
mature - adult relationships
genital stage
Defense Mechanism
- repression
- denial
- projection
- regression
- displacement
- sublimation
- rationalization
- reaction formation
subconscious exclusion (ego)
shield
repression
temporary anxiety
refusal to accept reality
denial
distance - uncomfortable
one’s undesirable thoughts (protects ego)
projection
childlike behavior
regression
redirecting emotions
(x) direct confrontation
displacement
harness inner drives
unacceptable -> achievement
sublimation
alleviate guilt - logical explanation
rationalization
oppose to true feelings (pakipot)
reaction formation
pleasure principle
id
rational & conscious part of the mind
ego
internalized moral standards
superego
Who is behind the Individual Psychology?
Alfred Adler
we’re all born with it — improve ourselves (self-ideal)
inferiority
excessive feelings and inferiority
inferiority complex
shape their behavior and personality
creative power
gain personal superiority
“impertinent and arrogant””
superiority complex
motivated by social interest and success of all human
“community feeling” or “social interest”
striving for success
flavor of person’s life
style of life
- entrusted with responsibility to lead younger siblings
- seek approval
- have high expectations
- more prone to perfectionism
- cautious and conscientious behavior
firstborn children
- adaptable & flexible
- peacemaker & independent
- sense of fairness and justice
middle children
- outgoing, sociable
- creative & free-spirited
- charming & entertaining
- inferior feelings
youngest children
- early maturity
- high parental expectations
- a strong sense of independence & self-reliance
- adult company
only children
Who is behind Psychosocial Theory?
Erik Erikson
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
- Trust vs. Mistrust (b - 1y) — hope
- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3y) — will
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6y) — purpose
- Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12y) — competence
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18y) — fidelity
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40y) — love
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 - 65y) — care
- Integrity vs. Despair (65y+) — wisdom
hope
secure and nurturing environment = trust
trust vs. mistrust
will
success of choices = autonomy
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
purpose
explore, positive reinforcement = initiative
initiative vs. guilt
competence
new skills, shool success = industry
industry vs. inferiority
fidelity
clear sense of self = strong identity
identity vs. role confusion
love
deep connections/relationships = intimacy
intimacy vs. isolation
care
contributing to society & nurturing next generation
generativity vs. stagnation
wisdom
reflect and evaluate accomplishments
integrity vs. despair
Who is behind Operant Conditioning?
BF Skinner
OPERANT CONDITIONING
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
any event that increases behavior
reinforcent
do good = reward
positive reinforcement
remove unpleasant
negative reinforcement
any event that decreases behavior
punishment
adding unpleasant
positive punishment
taking pleasant away
negative punishment
