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1st Year - 2nd Semester > HCI Quiz 2 > Flashcards

HCI Quiz 2 Flashcards

The computer

1
Q

– text entry and pointing

A

input devices

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2
Q

– screen (small & large), digital paper

A

output devices

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3
Q

– special interaction and display devices

A

virtual reality

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4
Q

– e.g. sound, haptic, bio-sensing

A

physical interaction

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5
Q

as output (print) and input (scan)

A

paper

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6
Q

– RAM & permanent media, capacity & access

A

memory

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7
Q

short-term memory:

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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8
Q

long-term memory:

A

magnetic and optical disks, USB, hard drives

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9
Q

– speed of processing, networks

A

processing

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10
Q

The most common text input device
Allows rapid entry of text by experienced users

A

Keyboards

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11
Q

keys arranged in alphabetic order
not faster for trained typists
not faster for beginners either!

A

Alphabetic

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12
Q

-common letters under dominant fingers-biased towards right hand-common combinations of letters alternate between hands-10-15% improvement in speed and reduction in fatigue-But - large social base of QWERTY typists produce market pressures not to change

A

Dvorak

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13
Q

designs to reduce fatigue for Repetitive Strain Injury
for one-handed use
e.g. the Maltron left-handed keyboard

A

special keyboards

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14
Q

only a few keys - four or 5
letters typed as combination of keypresses
compact size
– ideal for portable applications
short learning time– keypresses reflect letter shape
fast
– once you have trained

BUT - social resistance, plus fatigue after extended use
NEW – niche market for some wearables

A

Chord keyboards

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15
Q

use numeric keys withmultiple presses
2 – a b c 6 - m n o
3 - d e f 7 - p q r s
4 - g h i 8 - t u v
5 - j k l 9 - w x y z

T9 predictive entry
type as if single key for each letter
use dictionary to ‘guess’ the right word
hello = 43556 …
but 26 -> menu ‘am’ or ‘an’

A

phone pad and T9 entry

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16
Q

Text can be input into the computer, using a pen and a digesting tablet
natural interaction

A

Handwriting recognition

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17
Q

Most successful when:
single user – initial training and learns peculiarities
limited vocabulary systems

A

Speech recognition

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18
Q

for entering numbers quickly:
calculator, PC keyboard
for telephones

A

Numeric keypads

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19
Q

Handheld pointing device

Two characteristics
planar movement
buttons

A

the Mouse

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20
Q

Mouse located on desktop requires physical space with no arm fatigue. Relative movement only is detectable

A

true

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21
Q

Ball on the underside of mouse turns as mouse is moved
Rotates orthogonal potentiometers
Can be used on almost any flat surface

A

Mechanical mouse

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22
Q

light-emitting diode on underside of mouse
may use special grid-like pad or just on desk
less susceptible to dust and dirt
detects fluctuating alterations in reflected light intensity to calculate relative motion in (x, z) plane

A

Optical mouse

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23
Q

controlling mouse movement with feet

A

footmouse

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24
Q

small touch sensitive tablets
‘stroke’ to move mouse pointer
used mainly in laptop computers

A

Touchpad

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25
Q

lots of pixels per inch moved
initial movement to the target

A

fast stroke

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26
Q

less pixels per inch
for accurate positioning

A

slow stroke

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27
Q
  • relative motion of the ball moves the cursor
  • a ball held by a socket
A

trackball

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28
Q
  • for accurate CAD - X-Y cursor
  • for fast scrolling - single dial on mouse
A

thumbwheels

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29
Q

often used for computer games aircraft controls and 3D navigation
indirect - pressure == velocity

A

joystick

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30
Q

miniature joystick in the middle of the keyboard

A

keyboard nipple

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31
Q

detect the presence of finger

A

touch-sensitive screen

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32
Q

small pen-like pointer

A

stylus

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33
Q
  • rarely use now
  • uses light from screen to detect locality
A

light pen

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34
Q

mouse-like device with cross hairs

A

digitizing tablet

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35
Q

control interface by eye gaze direction

A

eye gaze

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36
Q

four keys ( ^ < > \/)

A

cursor keys

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37
Q

cursor pads/ mini joystick

A

discrete positioning controls

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38
Q

vast no. of collored dots/pixels in grid

A

bitmap display

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39
Q

set of colors

A

colormap

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40
Q

colors for each pallete
256 from a pallete
8 bits each for red, green and blue

A

colour dept

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41
Q

diagonal lines have discontinuitius

A

jaggies

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42
Q

soften edges by usng shades of line color

A

anti-aliasing

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43
Q
  • stem for electrons emitted from electrogen
  • used in tus and computer monitors
A

cathode ray tube

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44
Q

smaller, lighter and no radiation problem
found I nPDAs

A

liquid crystal displa

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45
Q

special displays

A
  • dust
    random scan
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46
Q

sim to random scan analouge

A

Directed View Storage Tube(DVST)

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47
Q

draw lines

A

random scan (directed beem refesh, vector display)

48
Q

used for a meeting

A

large display

49
Q

usually wide screen

A

plasma

50
Q

lots of small screens together

A

video walls

51
Q

RGB lights of LCD projector
- hand/body obscures screen

A

projected

52
Q

frosted glass + projector behind

A

back-projected

53
Q

display in public places

A

situated display

54
Q
  • thin flexible sheets that are updated electronically but retain display
A

digital paper

55
Q

steering wheels, kno s and dials jus like real

A

cockpit and virtual controls

56
Q

six-degrees movement: x(twist), y(up/down), z(left/right)

A

3d mouse

57
Q

fibre optics used to dectect finger position

A

data glove

58
Q

detect head motions

A

vr helmet

59
Q

accelerometers strapped to limbs or replective dots and video processing

A

whole body tracking

60
Q

use in sterescopic vison
- vr helmets
- screen plus shuttered specs

A

seeing ing 3d

61
Q
  • ordinary screen, mouse or keyboard control
  • perspective and motion give 3d effect
A

desktop VR

62
Q

small TV screen for each eye
- slightly different angles

A

VR headset

63
Q

VR motion sickness

A
  • time delay
    depth perception
    conflickting cues => sickness
64
Q

dedicated displays

A
  • analogue representations
  • digital displays
  • head-up displays
65
Q

dials, gauges, lights

A

analogue representatons

66
Q

small LCD screens, LED lights

A

digital displays

67
Q
  • found in aircraft cockpits
  • show most important controls
A

head-up displays

68
Q
  • for controlling menus
  • feel small bumps
A

BMW iDrive

69
Q

image made from small dots

A

printing

70
Q

use inked ribbon (80-120 dpi)

A

dot-matrix printer

71
Q

blobs of ink (300+ dpi)

A

ink-jet and bubble-jet printer

72
Q

uses powder toneer (600+ dpi)

A

laser printer

73
Q

dpi stands for…

A

dots per inch

74
Q
  • dot matrix - cheques
  • several paper rolls
A

shop tills

75
Q

special heat-sensitive paper - fax machines
- poor quality but simple and low maintenance

A

thermal printer

76
Q

the particular style of text

A

font

77
Q

every character has the same width

A

fixed-pitch

78
Q

some characters are wider

A

variable-pitch

79
Q

square-ended strokes (helvetica)

A

sans-serif

80
Q

with splayed ends (tlmes new roman/platino)

A

serif

81
Q

easy to read shape of words

A

lowercase

82
Q

better for individual letters and non-words

A

UPPERCASE

83
Q
  • helps your eye on long lines of printed text
  • but sans serif often better on screen
A

serif fonts

84
Q

most common page description languages

A

PostScript

85
Q

WYSIWYG

A

what you see is what you get

86
Q

take paper and convert it into a bitmap

A

scanner

87
Q

types of scanner

A
  • flat-bet
  • hand-held
88
Q

paper placed on a glass plate, whole page converted into bitmap

A

flat-bed scanner

89
Q

scanner passed over paper, digitising strip typically 3-4” wide

A

hand-held scanner

90
Q

Scanners is used in

A
  • desktop publishing for incorporating photographs and other images
  • document storage and retrieval systems, doing away with paper storage
  • special scanners for slides and photographic negatives
91
Q

converts bitmap back into text
- harder with different fonts

A

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

92
Q

small patterns of /\//\//\

A

glyphs

93
Q

10 nano–second access time on silicon chips
- 100 MB/sec data transferred

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

94
Q
  • floppy disks (1.4 mb)
    had disks (40 gb to 100s)
A

magnetic disks

95
Q
  • use lasers to read and sometimes write
  • more robust than magnetic media
A

optical disks

96
Q

same technology as home audio = 600 gb

A

CD-ROM

97
Q

for AV appliications or very large files

A

DVD

98
Q

often use RAM for their main memory

A

PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant)

99
Q
  • used in PDAs, cameras
  • silicon based
  • plug-in USB devices for data transfer
A

flash-memory

100
Q

recover exact text or image (GIF, ZIP)
look for commonalities

A

lossless

101
Q

recover something like original (JPEG, MP3)
exploit perception

A

lossy

102
Q

7-bit binary code = letter & character
- the basic standard for text storage

A

ASCII

103
Q

8-bit encoding of 16 bit character set
- UNICODE standard

A

UTF-8

104
Q

text plus formatting an glayout information

A

RTF (rich text format)

105
Q

documents regarded as structured object

A

SGML (Standardized Generalised Markup Language)

106
Q

simpler version of SGML for web applications

A

XML (Extended Markup Language)

107
Q
  • has quicktime, mpeg, wav formats
  • compression even more important
  • streaming formats for network delivery
A

audio/video

108
Q

methods of access

A

indexing

109
Q
  • computers get faster and faster
  • processor speed doubles = 18 m
  • memory doubles = 12 months
A

Moore’s Law

110
Q

computation takes ages, causing frustration for the user

A

computation bound

111
Q

bottleneck in transference of data from disk to memory

A

storage channel bound

112
Q

common bottlenect: updating displays = lots of effort

A

graphics bound

113
Q

many computers networked, shared resources and files access to printers \/ network speed

A

network capacity

114
Q

internet history

A
  • 1969: darpanet us dod, 4 sites
  • 1971: 23(arpanet)
  • 1984: 1000
  • 1989: 10000
115
Q

common language protocols

A

TCP (Trasmission Control Protocol)
IP (Internet Protocol)

116
Q

lower level, packets (like letters) between machines

A

TCP (Trasmission Control Protocol)

117
Q

reliable channel (like a phone call) between programs on the machine

A

IP (Internet Protocol)

1st Year - 2nd Semester (14 decks)

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