PSY 015 Midterm #3

Question 1

Pros of pretest-posttest?

Answer 1

1. Establish baseline

Question 2

Cons of pretest-posttest?

Answer 2

1. Reduces external validity
2. Time consuming
3. Attrition
4. Potential bias
5. History effects
6. Regression towards the mean

Question 3

Posttest-only pros?

Answer 3

1.Cost-effective
2. Eliminates pretest effects

Question 4

Posttest-only cons?

Answer 4

1. Difficulty establishing causality
2. Reliance on randomization
3. Lack of baseline data
4. Limited ability to track change

Question 5

Problems with Mortality?

Answer 5

1. Attrition bias
2. Threat to validity
3. Reduced statistical power

Question 6

Problems with strong manipulation?

Answer 6

1. External validity concerns
2. Must be within bounds of ethics
3. Unmanageable # of conditions
4. Increased resource requirements (time consuming and expensive)
5. Obscures smaller effects

Question 7

Pros of one-group pretest-posttest?

Answer 7

1. Simple and cost effective
2. Useful as test/exploration before implementing rigorous changes
3. Useful for low amount of participants or due to unethical/impractical to create control group

Question 8

Cons of one-group pretest-posttest?

Answer 8

1. Low internal validity
2. Difficulty establishing causation
3. Limited generalizability

Question 9

Pros of nonequivalent control group?

Answer 9

1. High external validity
2. More targeted and controlled hypothesis
3. Efficient and flexible

Question 10

Cons of nonequivalent control group?

Answer 10

1. Low internal validity
2. Potential researcher bias
3. Potential confounding variables

Question 11

Pros of Cross-Sectional Design?

Answer 11

1. Faster, cheaper, efficient
2. Large sample size
3. No concerns for ethics
4. Hypothesis generation

Question 12

Cons of Cross-Sectional Design?

Answer 12

1. Cannot establish causality
2. Can’t track changes over time
3. Potential for bias
4. Cohort effects

Question 13

Pros of Longitudinal Study?

Answer 13

1. Establishes causality
2. Minimizes recall bias
3. Reveals long-term trends/changes

Question 14

Cons of Longitudinal Study?

Answer 14

1. Time consuming and expensive
2. Unpredictable (events may make findings less relevant)
3. Confounding variables
4. Attrition

Question 15

Pros of Sequential Design?

Answer 15

1. Time and cost efficient
2. Study of cohort effects
3. Flexible

Question 16

Cons of Sequential Design?

Answer 16

1. Potential for attrition
2. Cohort effects
3. Practice effect
4. Time and effoprt investment