NUTR Finals Flashcards
Most of the body’s water is in the bloodstream. True or False?
False
Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in ______
decreased urine output
What does not influence fluid requirements?
Ethnicity
What is not a function of water?
Dehydration
Aldosterone increases _______
sodium retention by the kidneys
Consumption of ____ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output
alcoholic beverages
What does sodium do?
Transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells
________ is the negatively charged ion abundant in extracellular fluid
Chloride
Alcohol provides the body with ___ calories/gram
7
Alcohol is a _____, it increases urinary output
diuretic
What is the chemical name for the form of alcohol we consume?
Ethanol
Approximately ____ percent of alcohol consumed is eliminated via the lungs and urine, unmetabolized
10%
Intoxication is when the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver’s metabolic capacity, blood alcohol levels increase and reach the brain. True or False?
True
What is a potential limitation of diet based study findings?
Duration of the study being too short
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Calcium serve what role in the body?
Muscle Contraction and Nerve Impulse Transmission
Vitamin K, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium serve what role in the body?
Bone Health
Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, Carotenoids serve what role in the body?
Immune Function and Antioxidant Defenses
B-^, B-12, Iron, and Vitamin K serve what role in the body?
Blood Health
Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Iron, and Phosphorus serve what role in the body?
Energy Metabolism
What are the organic pigments found in plants which can convert to Vitamin A called?
Carotenoids or beta carotene
How do fat-soluble vitamins travel through the body?
Carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic system
____-soluble vitamins require bile and carriers for absorption
Fat
Overconsumption of Vitamins A and D can do what 3 things?
- Lead to serious side effects
- Result in toxicity
- Lead to accumulation in the liver
What occurs when hemoglobin falls below normal levels due to inadequate iron?
Anemia
What micronutrient does not help form bones?
Vitamin E
What 4 micronutrients help form bones?
Fluoride, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Magnesium
Magnesium is involved in bone structure, mineralization, DNA/RNA, synthesis, nerve transmission, blood pressure and glucose metabolism. True or False?
True
What are the 6 functions of magnesium?
- Bone Structure
- Mineralization
- DNA/RNA Synthesis
- Nerve Transmission
- Blood pressure
- Glucose metabolism
How did the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 change the dietary supplement industry?
Decreased the FDA’s oversight of the supplement industry, increasing consumer responsibility
What is not considered a dietary supplement?
Over the counter medications
True or false? Dietary supplements do not need to be tested for effectiveness before they are sold
True
