NTR Week 8 [Protein] Flashcards
What are 11 amino acids that do not need to be obtained from the diet?
Our bodies make them using other amino acids we consume
Nonessential amino acids
What are 9 amino acids the body can’t make on its own because they must be obtained from food?
Our bodies cannot synthesize them
Essential amino acids
What is the loss of an amino group (N) without transferring it to another carbon skeleton?
Deamination
What is the process used for nonessential amino acid synthesis?
It involves the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid
Transamination
What is the nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism?
Urea/Urine
What bond is formed between amino group of one amino acid and the acid (carboxyl) group of another?
Peptide bonds
What is the essential amino acid in the smallest supply in relation to body needs?
It limits the amount of protein the body can synthesize
Limiting Amino Acid
What is it when 2 or more plant proteins are combined to compensate for deficiencies in essential amino acid content in each protein?
Complementary Proteins
What is the alteration of proteins structure called?
Denaturation
What is the substance that contains genes which contain the information to make proteins?
DNA
What is the major enzyme produced by the stomach to digest protein?
Pepsin
What is it called when fluid builds up in intestinal spaces?
The tissues swell with extra fluid
Edema
What are the compounds that help maintain acid-base balance within a narrow range called?
Buffers
What is the condition that results from a severe deficit of energy and protein, which causes extreme loss of fat stores, muscle mass, and body weight?
Marasmus
What is the smallest unit of a protein?
Amino Acid
What is the condition occurring primarily in young children who severely insufficient protein, but may have adequate calories?
Kwashiorkor
What is the element unique to proteins?
Nitrogen
What is the nonessential amino acid which becomes essential in certain disease conditions since the body cannot synthesize it?
Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
What is a long chain of amino acids called?
It is the primary structure
Polypeptide
What is food which contains all nine essential amino acids?
High Quality or Complete Source of Protein
What is food which are deficient in one or more essential amino acids?
Low Quality of Incomplete Protein Source
What is the group of the amino acid which differs from one amino acid to the other?
R Group
