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Bacteriology > Pseudomonas and non-fermenters > Flashcards

Pseudomonas and non-fermenters Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of pseudomonas

A

-gram negative rods to cocco-bacillus
-famous for intrinsic drug resistance
-pseudomonas: produces biofilm of alginate

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2
Q

Non-fermenters taxonomy

A

-not a non fermenters taxonomy group

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3
Q

Biocontainment of pseudomonas

A

Levels 1-3

Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas: levels 1-2

Burkholderia cepacia, B. mallei, B. pseudomallei: level 2

B. pseudomallei: level 3

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4
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa on blood agar

A

-Characteristic smell (fruity/floral)
-metallic sheen
-wet corn tortilla

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5
Q

Stenophomas maltophila blood agar

A

Foul smelling, ammonia like odour

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6
Q

Host and habitats- pseudomonas

A

-widely disseminated in environment (aquatic and marine environment)

-Pseudomonas happily lives on surfaces in hospital environment

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7
Q

Burkholderia environments

A

B. mallei: host adapted pathogen to equids. Does not survive outside host

B. pseudomallei: found in water and soil of equatorial regions

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8
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors

A

Opportunistic- rarely causes primary infection

  1. Quorum sensing- produce diffusible molecules and when concentration increases, they are aware of how big a population they are and when they can break away
  2. Elastase- damage to blood vessels and lung tissues, disrupts neutrophil function
  3. Sideophores- pigmented iron scavenging molecules pyoverdin (Green), pyocyanin (blue)
  4. Type III secretion systems - secretion of effector molecules to damage host tissues or other bacteria
  5. Alginate biofilm- slimy matrix produced by some strains which prevent phagocytosis
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9
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in humans

A

-causes pneumonia and cystic fibrosis associated

-Occurs in patients that have: burns, cystic fibrosis, acute leukemia, transplant reciepients

-treatment difficult because lots of intrinsic and acquired resistance; and formation of biofilms

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10
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cattle

A

-mastitis

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11
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and horses

A

-otitis and pyoderma common in dogs
-Infecting corneal ulcers: ulcerative keratitis causing melting ulcers in horses

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12
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in reptiles, birds, lab animals

A

-causes septicemia

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13
Q

Pseudomonas fluorescens

A

-causes septicemia, tail/fin rot
-occurs in high intensity aquaculture operations; common in waters with organic pollutants
-fish are usually lethargic, and have cutaneous lesions

Treatment difficult due to intrinsic resistance. Drugs for aquaculture use not effective

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14
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophila

A

-Reptiles: septicemia
-Other animals: opportunistic infections

-occurs in wounded animals and poor husbandry (kept too cold)

**systemic infections in reptiles= Non fermenters!

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15
Q

Acinebacter baumannii

A

-causes opportunistic infections in many animals

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16
Q

Burkholderia mallei

A

-causes Glanders mostly in equids; but also humans and cats
-transmission by ingestion of food, water contaminated by nassal discharges

-facultative intracellular parasite spreading between cells similar to L. monocytogenes (never leaving the cells, avoiding immune system)

17
Q

3 forms of glanders disease

A
  1. Glanders pulmonary
  2. Glanders nasal
  3. Farcy cutaneous
18
Q

Clinical representation of glanders

A
  1. Starts with pyrexia, depression, anorexia
  2. nasal discharge from nostril (usually unilateral), coughing
  3. Nodules and ulcers develop on septum and discharge becomes thicker (yello mucopurulent discharge)
  4. enlargement of lymph nodes

**in animals that survive, nasal septum may be perforated

19
Q

Glanders farcy signs

A
  1. Cutaneous lesions on the inner thighs, limbs, belly
  2. Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis
  3. Nodules which may ulcerate are seen along tracks of lymphatics on skin
20
Q

Distribution of B. mallei

A

-Disease fatal within several weeks
-effects carnivores in zoos fed glanderous meat
-camels susceptible
-Not found in N. America; strict import controls on equine products

-used for biological warfare (Germans in WWI, Japan in WWII)

21
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

-found in Thailand, Vietnam, N. Australia, China, Taiwan, Laos
-facultative intracellular pathogen
-causes pseudoglanders/melioidosis in broad host range
-transmission by contaminated food or water (muddy water, humid soil, consumption of infected animals)
-exposures often labourers, cleaners, rice paddy workers

22
Q

Melioidosis in people

A

-Often self limiting flue like illnesses

-typical lesions are abscess
>Humans: lungs and brains

-infections can be latent and reactivate after years

23
Q

Three distinct forms of Melioidosis

A
  1. Acute- septicemia with metastatic lesions and abscesses
  2. Subacute- TB like pneumonia, lymphangitis
  3. Chronic- localized chronic cellulitis
24
Q

Treatment for melioidosis

A

-intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials

-high mortality rate if untreated
-even high in developed countries

25
Q

Melioidosis in ruminants, pigs, dogs, horses, and more

A

-can be rapidly fatal or subclinical
-mimics glanders in horses
-goats and pigs: respiratory and CNS infections, arthritis and mastitis
-Dogs: localized abscessations with pyrexia

26
Q

Sample collection

A

P aertuginosa, S. maltophila- collect samples of sites of infections

B. mallei- protect yourself. Collect discharge from lesions and blood serology

NO freezing!!

27
Q

Lab ID of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas

A

-readily grows on routine test media

28
Q

Lab ID of Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei

A

-Grows on blood and MacConkey agar
-PCR based assays
-immunological tests

29
Q

ID non fermenters

A

-difficult
-MALDI also problematic

30
Q

Zoonoses with B. mallei

A

-Risk for vets, horse workers, lab workers, abattoir workers

31
Q

B. pseudomallei zoonoses

A

Not transmitted between animals
-acquired from environment

32
Q

Bergeyella zoohelcum

A

-found in dogs mouths
-may be passed by bite wounds

33
Q

Treatment for B. mallei

A

-Glanders- immediately notifiable disease
-destruction of herd

34
Q

Treatment for Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas

A

-based on results of susceptibility testing
-can consider topical therapies

35
Q

Intrinsic resistance

A

-High levels of intrinsic resistance
**slightly due to low level of porin expression (drugs cant get through cell membrane

Bacteriology (20 decks)

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