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Bacteriology > Pasteurellaceae > Flashcards

Pasteurellaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics

A

-small gram negative rods
-facultative anaerobes
-biocontainment level 2

includes mannheimia, bibersteinia and pasteurella

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2
Q

mannheimia and bibersteinia

A

hemolytic

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3
Q

pasteurella

A

-non-hemolytic
-strong indole smell
-safety pin morphology on gram stain

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4
Q

Pasteurella multocida appearance

A

-bipolar safety pin morphology

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5
Q

Host or habitats

A

-part of normal microbiota (oral cavity, resp tract, intestinal tract)

-usually survive poorly outside host but pasteurella multocida can survive for a year in environment in water

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6
Q

Virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida

A

1.PMT toxin- cytotoxin/leukotoxin

  1. Capsular polysaccharide- prevents phagocytosis
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7
Q

Virulence factors of Mannheimia haemolytica

A
  1. LPS- stimulates cytokine release, microvascular necrosis
  2. Leukotoxin- kills ruminant leukocytes (specific toxin to cattle)
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8
Q

General categories of disease in the genera

A
  1. Respiratory
    2.Sepsis
  2. Trauma associated
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9
Q

Pasteurella multocida in cattle

A

-causes shipping fever (canada), haemorrhagic septicemia (not in canada)

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10
Q

Pasteurella multocida in pigs

A

-causes atrophic rhinitis

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11
Q

Pasteurella multocida in rabbits

A

-causes snuffles

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12
Q

Pasteurella multocida in birds

A

-causes avian cholera

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13
Q

Pasteurella multocida in cats

A

-causes abscesses

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14
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica in cattle

A

-causes shipping fever

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15
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi in ruminants

A

-causes respiratory disease

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16
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum in birds

A

-causes infectious coryza

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17
Q

Lonepinella koalarum in koalas

A

-can pass to people through bite wounds

18
Q

Shipping fever

A

-Acute onset of febrile illness= bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pleuropneumonia

**polymicrobial infections including viruses= bovine respiratory disease complex

19
Q

What predisposes animals to shipping fever?

A

-viral infection
-poor air quality
-long distance transport
-weaning (enzootic pneumonia)

20
Q

Morbidity and fatality of shipping fever

A

-High morbidity in affected herds (50%)
-high case fatality (5-10%)

**can treat with antimicrobials (macrolide type) and vaccination can prevent disease in feedlots (issue is that farmer pays and feedlot benefits)

21
Q

Hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle

A

Acute rapidly fatal septicemia in cattle and buffalo
-fever, dullness, discharge from nose
-edematous swellings in gravity depending sites (cervical and brisket)
-respiratory distress followed by death within 24hrs

22
Q

Causes of Haemorrhagic septicemia

A

** seasonal disease- monsoon rains in Asia
-causes by serotypes of P. multocida present in asia and africa

23
Q

How is haemorrhaic septicemia passed on?

A

-animals infected through direct contact with carriers/infected or fomites

24
Q

Treatment of Haemorrhagic septicemia

A

**not in Canada, only confirmed case on bison in yellowstone National park

Treat:
-antibiotic therapy in early stages
-vaccine possible (commercially prepared, bacterins)

25
Q

Atrophic rhinitis

A

-progressive, caused by toxigenic P. multocida type D or A WITH Bordetella bronchiseptica

-transmitted between animals directly

-no magic treatment: management, vaccine, antimicrobials possible

26
Q

Pathogenesis of P. multocida in pigs

A
  1. Bordetella bronchiseptica starts infections and causes damage that allows P. multocida to proliferate
  2. Toxins produced by multocida cause epithelial hypoplasia, atrophy of mucous glands, osteolysis
  3. Leads to atrophy of nasal turbinates and shrinking of snouts
27
Q

Atrophic rhinitis from P. multocida signs

A

-excessive lacrimation, sneezing, epistaxis

-usually younger pigs have more severe signs

-snout gradually atrophies (shrinks and wrinkles)

28
Q

P. multocida in rabbits possible presentations

A
  1. Rhinitis (snuffles)
  2. Pneumonia
  3. conjunctivitis
  4. otitis media/interna
  5. abscesses

**clinical signs vary based on site of infection (mild respiratory through sepsis)

29
Q

Rabbit carriers of Snuffles

A

-healthy carriers common (30-90%)

-highly contagious, transmitted through direct contact

30
Q

Avian cholera

A

-domestic and wild birds

Acute: fulminant septicemia and often sudden death

Chronic: follows acute when caused by less pathogenic strains. Localized infections and swellings of joints and the wattle, AND dyspnea if respiratory involved

31
Q

Mortality of Avian cholera

A

Very high! production limiting disease if made onto farm

32
Q

Avian cholera transmission

A

-Usually by transmission from excretions from mouth (fluids get into the water and infect others)

-chronically infected birds likely source

-wildlife reservoirs possible so biosecurity on farms important

-isolates from pigs and cats may be pathogenic for birds

33
Q

Treatment of P. multocida (avian cholera)

A

**immediately notifiable disease in domestic birds; common in wildlife

-antimicrobials may be used

34
Q

Pasteurella multocida in cats

A

Associated with bites, licks, scratches
-abscesses in cats been in fights
-common cause of pyothorax in cats
-may play a role in gingivostomatitis

May be passed to dogs

Treatment: beta lactam/inhibitor (amox +clavulanate)

35
Q

Pasteurella multocida in humans

A

Human infections almost always associated with cat bites
-found in 90% of cat mouths

Leads to wound infections, cellulitis, swelling, abscesses, bone and joint infections, resp tract infections, endocarditis, CNS infections

**Treat quickly!

36
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

-Acute upper resp illness in birds causing nasal discharge, sneezing, swelling of face

-production limiting disease (losses due to decreased egg production and increased carcass condemnations

37
Q

Transmission of Avibacterium paragallinarum

A

droplets and aerosols from chronically infected birds as source

**use all in and all out biosecurity

38
Q

Sample collection

A

-depends on site of infection
>sepsis= spleen, long bones
>respiratory cattle= lung tissue, nasal secretions
>respiratory in pigs and rabbits= exudates, crusts, nasal swabs
>mastitis= milk
>hemorrhagic septicemia= ear tips
>pyothorax/abscesses = aspirates or swabs

NO FREEZING

39
Q

Lab ID

A

-Culture easily; use MALDI TOF
-microscopes to ID safety pin morphology
-histopathology- examine biopsy specimens or tissues collected at necropsy

40
Q

Zoonoses

A

-Pasteurella multocida- cat bite infections, evidence that it can be shared between species,

41
Q

Treatment

A

Depends on host species, site of infection, National disease control strategies (will stamp out certain diseases such as fowl cholera)

42
Q

Emerging resistance

A

Emerging resistance among bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens
-resistance to macrolides
tulathromycin, tilmicosin, tildipirosin, gamithromycin

Bacteriology (20 decks)

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