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RUSVM SAM II > Pruritus pt. 1 > Flashcards

Pruritus pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is pruritis?

A

unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch

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2
Q

what are the 3 main causes of itch

A

infections

allergies

parasites

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3
Q

what will owners see with pruritis

A

biting

licking

chewing

scratching

gnawing

rubbing

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4
Q

T/F irrespective of cause, pruritic skin looks the same in mast cases

A

true

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5
Q

what clinical signs are seen on physical exam of a pruritic dog

A

alopecia, erythema, excoriations

followed by lichenification, hyperpigmentation, seborrhea

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6
Q

what allergens commonly cause pruritis in dogs

A

flea bite allergy

atopic dermatitis

cutaneous adverse food reaction

insect bite hypersensitivity/ contact dermatitis

vax/drugs/heat and cold/sunlight/stress

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7
Q

common ectoparasites causing pruritis in the dog

A

sarcoptes

demodecosis

cheyletiella

lice

chiggers

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8
Q

infectous causes of pruritis in dog

A

pyoderma - bacterial infection

dermatophytosis

yeast

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9
Q

lesions on the caudal dorsum is common with _____

A

flea allergy

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10
Q

lesions on the elbows and ears are common with _____

A

sarcoptic mange

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11
Q

feet licking, chewing can be indicative of _____

A

food allergy or atopy

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12
Q

what are some causes of pruritis that are not effected by seasonality

A

scabies

food allergy

flea allergy

atopy

secondary infections

demodecosis

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13
Q

how is pruritis graded

A

scale of 1-10

used as reference point for rechecks

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14
Q

which disease are extremely pruritic

A

scabies

flea bite allergy

food allergy

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15
Q

which diseases should be considered if the pruritis came before the lesion

A

allergies

scabies

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16
Q

what should be considered if lesions show up before the pruritis

A

demodecosis

dermatophytosis

17
Q

what is often involved in cases of pruritis and should be checked

A

EARS!

18
Q

what are common dermatological diagnostics/examinations

A

skin scrapes

hair plucks

cytology

flea comb

ear examination

19
Q

therapeutic plan for pruritis

A

flea control

treat pyoderma if present

treat yeast infection

treat for sarcoptes spp. if suspected

treat ear disease if present

20
Q

T/F most skin disease can be cured with one visit

A

False

rarely cured with on visit - many can be chronic or life long, but controllable

21
Q

what is the number 1 cause of pruritis

A

FLEAS!!

22
Q

what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is seen with flea bite dermatitis

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

23
Q

what is the classical distribution with flea allergy dermatitis

A

lumbo-sacral distribution

24
Q

T/F an infestation is necessary for FAD

A

False

it is an allergy or hypersensitivity - only takes one flea bite to set off allergic response

25
Q

what percentage of skin allergies are flea related

A

80%

26
Q

which flea eradication product acts as both a knock down product against adults and an insect growth regulator

A

imidaclopride

27
Q

how long should in-contact animals be treated for fleas

A

4 weeks

28
Q

what % of flea eggs, larva & pupae live in the environment and not on the pet

A

95%

29
Q

what type of hypersensitvity is seen with atopy

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

30
Q

characterisitic signs of atopy

A

pruritis

chronic or relapsing/seasonal

4m-7y of age at onset

areas - paws, face, distal extremities, elbows, ventrum, otitis externa

31
Q

what allergy tests are used to diagnose atopy

A

serum test (RAST and ELISA test)

intradermal skin test

32
Q

what to allergy tests (intradermal skin tests, serum tests) dectect?

A

allergen specific IgE

  • if raised and causing disease = allergy*
  • if raised and not causing disease = subclinical hypersensitivity*
33
Q

what is the gold standard test for atopy

A

intradermal allergy testing

34
Q

3 possible therapies for atopy

A

ASIT (allergen specific immunotherapy)

allergen avoidance

sympotomatic relief

35
Q

what drugs have stong evidence for sytomatic relief of atopy

A

glucocorticoids

cyclosporine A

oclacitinib

36
Q

what therapy has weak evidence for the symptomatic relief of atopy

A

skin lipid therapy

37
Q

two forms of allergy shots

A

subcutaneous immunotherapy

sublingual immunotherapy

38
Q

T/F a generic version of cycloprine A should not be used

A

true

39
Q

what receptors does oclacitinib (apoquel) act on

A

JAK 1 and 3 inhibitor

RUSVM SAM II (20 decks)

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