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RUSVM SAM II > Ophthalmic Exam > Flashcards

Ophthalmic Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is required to discern depth

A

focused, narrow, bright beam of light

sparates the layers

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2
Q

tools required for a ophthalmic exam

A

strong light source in a dark environment

Schirmer tear test

flourescein

tonometry

means of viewing fundus (tropicamide)

magnification

means of discerning depth

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3
Q

3 vision tests

A

cotton ball test

photopic maze

scotopic maze

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4
Q

tests of orbital symmetry

A

orbital palpation

dorsal view assessment (exophthalmia/endophthalmia)

retropulsion

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5
Q

what can become evident with retroillumination

A

vitreal opacities

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6
Q

palpebral reflex tests:

A

CN V (trigeminal) - afferent

CN VII (facial) - efferent

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7
Q

menace response test:

A

CN II (optic) - afferent

CN VII (facial) - efferent

cover opposite eye, use open fingers

remember young animals will not have a menace response!

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8
Q

pupillary light relex (PLR) tests

A

CN II (optic) - afferent

CN III (ocularmotor) - efferent

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9
Q

dazzle reflex test:

A

CN II (optic) - afferent

CN VII (facial) - efferent

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10
Q

oculocephalic reflex

A

Intact CN II

**does not need to function in order to elicit positive response, but is necessary to initially develop the reflex**

peripheral and central vestibular components

CN III, IV, ans VI

fast phase of nystagmus toward head rotation

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11
Q

corneal reflex tests

A

CN V (trigeminal) - afferent

CN VI and VII (abducens, facial) - efferent

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12
Q

what tests are part of the minimum data base

A

Schirmer Tear Test (STT)

Flourescein Stain

Tonometry

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13
Q

what does schirmer tear test assess

A

aqueous portion of the tear film

tests the tears present and reflexive production

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14
Q

what is a normal STT

A

> 15 mm wetting/minute

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15
Q

what is flourescein stain

A

hydrophilic dye that fluoresces green under cobalt blue light

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16
Q

which layers are hydrophilc and will therefore fluoresce under a cobalt blue light whne stained with fluorescein

A

tear film - needs to be flush

stroma - will stain bright green, ulcer

epithelium and descemet’s membrane will not stain

17
Q

3 common uses of fluorescein stain

A

diagnosis and characterization of corneal ulcers

demonstration of nasolacrimal duct (jones test)

demonstration of cornea perforation (seidel test)

18
Q

corneal ulcer detected or not detected

A

not detected - normal fluorescein

19
Q

blockage of nasolacrimal system could cause

A

epiphora

Excessive tearing

20
Q

T/F a negative jones test proves nasolacrimal obstruction

A

False

a positive jones test demonstrates patency, but a negative does not prove obstruction

21
Q

what does seidel test demonstrate

A

aqueous leaking through fluorescein stain

positive seidel confirms corneal perforation

22
Q

what does tonometry measure

A

intraocular pressure in mmHg

not performed in damaged eyes, before pupil dilation

23
Q

IOP > 25mmHg with vision loss indicates

A

glaucoma

24
Q

normal IOP

A

10-20mmHg

should be <25mmHg at all times

25
Q

low IOP are consistent with

A

uveitis

26
Q

what is the adnexa

A

everything that supports the eyeball orbit, periocular skin, eyelids, third eylid, conjunctiva

27
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

28
Q

the eyeball should be evaluated for

A

symmetry, size and shape

29
Q

corneal evaluation

A

evaluate epithelium, stroma, descemet’s membrane and endothelium for clarity

important considerations: depth, magnification , quality

30
Q

specular reflection

A

assists in lesion localization

disturbance of this reflection indicates irregularity or ocular surface

31
Q

the anterior segment of the eye consists of

A

anterior chamber and posterior chamber

32
Q

T/F tropicamide dilation required for complete exam of the fundus

A

True

RUSVM SAM II (20 decks)

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