Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM SAM II > Conjunctiva and Lacrimal System > Flashcards

Conjunctiva and Lacrimal System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 conditions that cause red eye

A

keratoconjunctivitis

uvetitis

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what dis?

A

prominent episcleral vessel - normal conjunctival variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is shown here

A

epiphora

Abnormal overproduction of tears. This is a common response to ocular irritation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what dis?

A

mucoid discharge

goblet cells - overproduce mucus when inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when you see this what should you be thinking?

A

Schirmer Tear Test - KCS

when you see mucopurulent discharge, KCS should be your top differential, do an STT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what structure is only seen normally on the bulbar surface of the 3rd eyelid

A

lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A dog comes into your clinic and during your ophthalmic exam you see follicles on the palpebral conjunctiva. You determine they are lymphoid follicles. What is your top differential

A

primary conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what condition is shown here

A

conjunctival hyperemia

think of superficial vessels, think of superficial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

conjunctival hyperemia detected or not detected

A

not detected

episcleral injection - think deep vessels, think of deep or intraocular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

clinical signs of allergic conjunctivits

A

young, atopic dogs

blepharospasm (squinting)

epiphora

mucoid discharge

hyperemia

lymphoid follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

minimum database needed to confirm primary conjunctivits

A

STT

fluoroscein stain

tonometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can be used to treat allergic conjunctivitis

A

treat underlying cause (allergy/atopy) if present

topical anti-inflammatories: steroid (neo-poly-dex), NSAIDs (diclofenac 0.1%), T-cell inhibitor (optimmune/cyclosporine 0.2%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of tear film

A

nourish

cleanse

protect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 layers of tear film

A

oil/lipid - outermost

aqueous - middle

mucinous - innermost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 categories of KCS

A

quantitative

qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of KCS

A

immune mediated - most common

excision of glands of 3rd eyelid

drugs (sulfonamides, atropine)

trauma

neurogenic

infectious (distemper)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

quantitative KCS is due to

A

aqueous deficiency

one of most common eye diseases seen in practice, STT to Dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

common clinical history and signs of quantitative KCS

A

presents with musopurulent discharge - perscribed topical antibiotics, discharge returns after antibiotics stopped

STT never performed

one of most commonly missed diagnoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

qualitative KCS is due to

A

lipid or mucin deficiency

20
Q

what is the only common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs

A

quantitative KCS

21
Q

clinical signs of KCS

A

most often bilateral

Keratitis - superficial corneal neovascularization, corneal fibrosis, superficial corneal pigmentation, corneal ulceration, WBC infiltrates

conjuntivitis - mucopurulent discharge

22
Q

KCS treatment

A

majority of cases: topical cyclosporin BID controls clinical signs

must be given lifelong

23
Q

how does cyclosporin work to treat KCS

A

T cell inhibitor, immunomodulator

supresses further destruction of lacrimal tissue

stimulates tear production

anti-inflammatory effect (reduces vessels, clears fibrosis, clears pigment)

24
Q

T/F KCS can be cured with cyclosporin therapy

A

False

cyclosporin controls but does not cure

25
Q

what are the 4 objectives of KCS treatment

A

replace the tears

stimulate more tears

anti-inflammatory therapy

temporary antibiotic therapy - clears secondary BacT infection while tear film recovers

26
Q

clinical presentation of neurogenic KCS

A

unilateral in older dogs

dry nose

27
Q

what are the most common causes of feline conjunctivitis

A

feline herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis

chlamydial conjunctivitis

mycoplasma conjunctivitis

calicivirus conjunctivitis

28
Q

what is the most common cause of feline keratits/conjunctivitis

A

Herpes!!

29
Q

2 clinical forms of feline herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis

A

primary - disease (young cats) of acute lysis followed by latency then..

recrudescence with lysis

30
Q

T/F Feline herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis is easy to diagnose based on history and clinical signs

A

False

diagnosis and treatment difficult - lack evidence based medicine with reguards to effective treament

31
Q

ulcers associated with feline herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis will be superficial/deep

A

superifical

FHV has epithelial tropism

32
Q

what is the typical presentation of primary FHV-1 infection in naive cats/kittens

A

URT and simultaneous ocular surface infection

kittens displaying blepharospasm, epiphora and mucoid discharge in addition to URT infection; naturally resolves in 2-4 weeks

33
Q

latent FHV-1 becomes reactivated due to:

A

environmental stress- most common

spontaneous

corticosteroids

co-infection

34
Q

specific clinical signs associated with FHV-1

A

UTR infection - primary

hyperemia

very specific - conjunctival and possible corneal epithelial ulceration (dendritis ulceration is pathognomonic); symblepharon (permanent adhesions b/w conjunctiva and cornea)

35
Q

key point - If you observe conjunctivitis and evidence of present or historic keratitis, then consider FHV-1 over other cause of feline conjunctivitis

A
36
Q

what dis?

A

symblepharon - adhesion of conjunctiva to cornea

37
Q

FHV-1 treatment

A

antivirals - cidofovir (topical), famcliclovir (oral)

supportive - topical erythromycin (mocrolide broad spectrum antibiotic - effective against mycoplasma and chlamydia)

38
Q

what is the second most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats

A

chlamydia

39
Q

what is a specific sign for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

chemosis

_Ch_emosis is for _Ch_lamydia

40
Q

what is chemosis

A

conjunctival edema

41
Q

how is chlamydial conjunctivits diagnosed

A

PCR, history, compatible clinical signs

cytology - intracytopplasmic inclusion bodies

42
Q

T/F mycoplasma conjunctivits can cause corneal or conjunctival ulceration

A

False

43
Q

what is the best way to diagnose mycoplasma conjunctivis

A

cytology

can find membrane associated bacteria

44
Q

clinical signs associated with calicivirus conjunctivits

A

conjunctival ulceration - will not have corneal ulceration

oral/tungue ulceration - pathognomonic when present

45
Q

T/F calicivirus conjunctivitis can be treated with antivirals and supportive topical therapy

A

False

don’t respond to antivirals, treat with supportive topical therapy (erythromycin)

RUSVM SAM II (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions