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RUSVM SAM II > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what are primary lesions

A
  • initial eruption that developes spontaneously as a direct reflection of underlying disease
  • appear quickly and disappear quickly
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2
Q

examples of primary lesions

A

macule or patch

papule or plaque

pustule

vesicle or bulla

wheal

nodule

tumor or cyst

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3
Q

what are secondary lesions

A
  • evolve from primary lesions/artefacts induced by patients/external factors (trauma/biting/licking and medication)
  • usually stay around for a much longer time period
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4
Q

which lesions can be primary or secondary

A

alopecia

scale

crust

follicular casts

comedo

pigmentary abnormalitites

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5
Q

examples of secondary skin lesions

A

epidermal collarette

scar

excoriation

erosion or ucler

fissure

lichenification

callus

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6
Q

what dis?

A

macule

flat spot ( <1 cm) on skin with change in skin color

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7
Q

what dis?

A

patch

= macule >1 cm

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8
Q

that is a type of mcule caused by bleeding into the skin

A

purpura, petechial, ecchymoses

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9
Q

a small, solid elevation in skin up to 1 cm in diameter is a _______

A

papule

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10
Q

what dis?

A

plaque

coalition of plaques forming flat-topped elevation

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11
Q

what is a pustule

A

small elevation of epidermis filled pus

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12
Q

what dis?

A

Vesicle

elevation of epidermis filled with clear fluid

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13
Q

what is a vesicle > 1 cm in diameter

A

bulla

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14
Q

sharply delineated lesion of edema is known as a ______

A

wheal

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15
Q

a solid raised palpable lesion > 1 cm

A

nodule

can include abscess (fluctuant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus)

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16
Q

what are these?

A

Nodule: Tumor

large palpable mass - Neoplastic

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17
Q

what is an epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material?

A

Cyst

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18
Q

what is alopecia?

A

absence of hair from area where it is normally present

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19
Q

what is an accumulation of loose fragments of skin

A

scale

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20
Q

what is an accumulation of dried serum/ exudate on the surface of the skin?

A

crust

21
Q

what is an accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft

A

follicular cast

22
Q

a dried hair follicle filled with debris is a ______

A

comedone

23
Q

what is an epidermal collarette

A

scale arranged in a circular pattern

associated with a pustule, vesicle or bullae

24
Q

linear abrasion of the skin is called ____

A

excoriation

25
Q

what is an erosion

A

shallow ulcer that does not break the basal

26
Q

a brea in the epidermis with exposure of the dermis is an _____

A

ulcer

27
Q

what is a fissure

A

linear cleavage (cracks) in the epidermis or dermis caused by disease or injury

28
Q

what is a thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggerated skin lines

A

lichenification

29
Q

a _____ is localized hyperplasia of the statum corneum of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

A

callus

elbows and lateral hock areas are common sites for callus formation in the dog

30
Q

what things should be assesed in a dermatological examination

A

skin lesion type: primary vs secondary

skin changes: thick, fragile, thin

hair coat changes

distribution

cutaneous pain

parasites

other: lymph nodes, otitis, foot pad lesions

31
Q

what does a superficial skin scrape test for?

A

surface mites

sarcoptes, notoedres, otodectes, cheyletiella, deodex gatoi in cats

32
Q

T/F a negative superficial skin scrape rules out superficial mites

A

False

a negative skin scrape does not rule out mites

33
Q

deep skin scrapes are used to diagnose________

A

most demodex species

34
Q

what do you look for on a trichogram/ hair pluck

A

ringworm - hyphae or spores

follicle dysplasia

surface parasites - lice, mites

35
Q

what can be seen on a scotch tape/acetate tape impression smear

A

bacteria, fungi and yeast

mites

36
Q

what is the best method for testing for fleas

A

flea comb/ paper test

37
Q

fecal floats can be use to diagnose _____

A

sarcoptes - difficult to find on the skin, may see in the feces

hookworms - skin lesions due to larval migration

38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

what size needle is used for an FNA

A

21-23 gauge

41
Q

a woodslamp can be used to diagnose ________

A

fungal infections

42
Q

when should fungal culture be performed

A

all cats with skin disease

dogs with inflammatory skin lesions

43
Q

how is a positive DTM determined

A

the media turns red and the same time the dermatophyte colony appears

saprophyte (non-pathogenic fungus) the colony is present for days before culture media turns red

44
Q

indications for skin biopsy

A

nodules/tumors

ulcers/vesicles

severe acute generalized disease

mucosal lesions

footpad lesions

lesions unresponsive to normal therapy

45
Q

skin biopsy techniques

A

punch biopsy

wedge/excisional biopsy

amputation - nail or toe

46
Q

when is a bacterial culture and sensitivity indicated

A

cytology shows cocci and rods or just rods

cocci but no response to correctly administed antibiotics

deep pyoderma

chronic AB/GC therapy

GSD pyoderma

47
Q

what is the gold standard for identifying environmental allergens

A

intradermal allergy testing

48
Q

what are some disadvantages to allergy testing serology

A

no positive control

only detects circulating IgE

lab variations

false positives

grouped allergens/limited

not reliable for food allergens

RUSVM SAM II (20 decks)

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