Pruritus and Allergy Flashcards
Which monoclonal antibody does cytopoint use?
Interleukin-31
How may wou make a clinical assessment of pruritus?
Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale - on a scale of 1-10
At what time of year is culcoides hypersensitvity greatest and what age of horses is it usually seen in?
April to october, usually seen >2 years
Why do sheep with ovine culicoides hypersensitivity get skin lesions?
Associated with pruritus - foot stamping, dropping to the ground and ternal recumbency
When is ovine culicoides hypersensitivity particularly severe?
September to October
Which antibodies are often associated with canine atopic dermatitis?
IgE Antibodies
When do the onset of signs of canine atopic dermatitis usually occur and what ages is it rare to have the disease?
Onset of signs occur most commonly from 1-3 years of age. Rare before 6 months of after 6 years.
Where on the body does canine atopic dermatitis occur?
The front feet and concave aspects of pinnae. NOT ear margins (scabies) or the dorso-lumbar area.
When is the best time to do ASIT testing for canine atopic dermatitis?
Ideally following 12 months of disease
List four systemic liscensed therapies for canine atopic dermatitis
Glucocorticoids
Ciclosporin
Oclacitinib (apoquel)
Lokivetmab (cytopoint)
What is the name of a ‘food allergy’ in dogs?
Cutaneous Adverse Food Reaction
What is the optimum time for a diet trial in the case of CAFR?
6 to 12 weeks (8 weeks optimum)
How long may it take clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis to occur after returning to the previous diet after and diet trial?
Clinical signs typically recurr within 7 days but can take up to 14 days
What is the treatment of choice for pyoderma? How often and for how long should it be used
Topical therapy used 2-3 times weekly until clinical remission. Need a 10 minute chlorhexidine soak before rinsing thouroughly.
List four antibacterial agents used in the treatment of pyoderma and whether they are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal.
Clindamycin - bacteriostatic
Trimethoprim/sulphonamides - bacteriocidal
Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin - bacteriocidal
Cefalexin - bacteriocidal
How long does it take for superficial pyodermas to respond to therapy?
Three to four weeks
Which organism causes equine microbial infection (dermatophilosis)?
Dermatophilus congolensis
How would you treat dermatophilosis in the horse?
Remove horse from predisposing factors.
Clean affected area with topical antibacterial agents.
A 3-5 day course of penicillin/streptomycin
Which opportunistic yeast pathoegns causes infections in the ear canal?
Malassezia pachydermatis
List four ways to diagnose malassezia infection.
Impression smears with a dry swab or direct slide contact.
Acetate strip.
Culture.
Serology.
What systemic therapy can you use for a malassezia infection?
Itraconazole 5mg/kg for up to 7 days
List four clinical syndromes in pruritic/allergic dermatitis in the cat
Symmetrical alopecia
Papular dermatitis (miliary dermatitis)
Ulcerative dermatitis associated with self trauma
Eosinophilic dermatoses (granuloma complex)
What are the three parts of the eosinophilic granuloma complex?
Eosinophilic ulcer
Eosinophilic plaque
Eosinophilic collangenolytic granuloma
Where are eosinophilic plaques most often found and on what age of cat are they usually found?
On the ventral abdomen - tends to be in younger cats (2-6 years)
Where are eosinophilic ulcers found?
At the philtrum of upper lip to upper canine tooth
What would be the histological findings of an eosinophilic ulcer?
Hyperplastic, ulcerated superficial perivascular fibrosing dermatitis with neutrophils and mononuclear cells
Which granuloma is assoicate with peripheral circulating eosinophilia?
Eosinophilic (linear) granuloma
What are the two main treatments of pruritic cats?
Glucocorticoids and ciclosporin
What is the anti-inflammatory dose of glucocorticoids in cats?
Initial dose of 1-2mg/kg/day of prednisolone
What is the immunosuppressive dose of glucocorticoids in cats?
Initial dose of >4mg/kg/day of predisolone
Which reactions does the immunopathogenesis of flea bite hypersensitivity involve?
Type I and type IV hypersensitivity reactions
How would you treat scabies?
Macrocyclic lactones and isoxazolines
Where does chorioptic mange cause pruritis in horses and cattle?
Horses - lower legs
Cattle - tail base and udder
What is the duration of chorioptic mange?
Two life cycles - 6 weeks
How do chorioptes bovis and chorioptes equi survive in the environment?
Chorioptes bovis - mites need host to survive long term
Chorioptes equi - can survive off host for several weeks
