Pruritus and Allergy

Question 1

Which monoclonal antibody does cytopoint use?

Answer 1

Interleukin-31

Question 2

How may wou make a clinical assessment of pruritus?

Answer 2

Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale - on a scale of 1-10

Question 3

At what time of year is culcoides hypersensitvity greatest and what age of horses is it usually seen in?

Answer 3

April to october, usually seen >2 years

Question 4

Why do sheep with ovine culicoides hypersensitivity get skin lesions?

Answer 4

Associated with pruritus - foot stamping, dropping to the ground and ternal recumbency

Question 5

When is ovine culicoides hypersensitivity particularly severe?

Answer 5

September to October

Question 6

Which antibodies are often associated with canine atopic dermatitis?

Answer 6

IgE Antibodies

Question 7

When do the onset of signs of canine atopic dermatitis usually occur and what ages is it rare to have the disease?

Answer 7

Onset of signs occur most commonly from 1-3 years of age. Rare before 6 months of after 6 years.

Question 8

Where on the body does canine atopic dermatitis occur?

Answer 8

The front feet and concave aspects of pinnae. NOT ear margins (scabies) or the dorso-lumbar area.

Question 9

When is the best time to do ASIT testing for canine atopic dermatitis?

Answer 9

Ideally following 12 months of disease

Question 10

List four systemic liscensed therapies for canine atopic dermatitis

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids
Ciclosporin
Oclacitinib (apoquel)
Lokivetmab (cytopoint)

Question 11

What is the name of a ‘food allergy’ in dogs?

Answer 11

Cutaneous Adverse Food Reaction

Question 12

What is the optimum time for a diet trial in the case of CAFR?

Answer 12

6 to 12 weeks (8 weeks optimum)

Question 13

How long may it take clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis to occur after returning to the previous diet after and diet trial?

Answer 13

Clinical signs typically recurr within 7 days but can take up to 14 days

Question 14

What is the treatment of choice for pyoderma? How often and for how long should it be used

Answer 14

Topical therapy used 2-3 times weekly until clinical remission. Need a 10 minute chlorhexidine soak before rinsing thouroughly.

Question 15

List four antibacterial agents used in the treatment of pyoderma and whether they are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal.

Answer 15

Clindamycin - bacteriostatic
Trimethoprim/sulphonamides - bacteriocidal
Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin - bacteriocidal
Cefalexin - bacteriocidal

Question 16

How long does it take for superficial pyodermas to respond to therapy?

Answer 16

Three to four weeks

Question 17

Which organism causes equine microbial infection (dermatophilosis)?

Answer 17

Dermatophilus congolensis

Question 18

How would you treat dermatophilosis in the horse?

Answer 18

Remove horse from predisposing factors.
Clean affected area with topical antibacterial agents.
A 3-5 day course of penicillin/streptomycin

Question 19

Which opportunistic yeast pathoegns causes infections in the ear canal?

Answer 19

Malassezia pachydermatis

Question 20

List four ways to diagnose malassezia infection.

Answer 20

Impression smears with a dry swab or direct slide contact.
Acetate strip.
Culture.
Serology.

Question 21

What systemic therapy can you use for a malassezia infection?

Answer 21

Itraconazole 5mg/kg for up to 7 days

Question 22

List four clinical syndromes in pruritic/allergic dermatitis in the cat

Answer 22

Symmetrical alopecia
Papular dermatitis (miliary dermatitis)
Ulcerative dermatitis associated with self trauma
Eosinophilic dermatoses (granuloma complex)

Question 23

What are the three parts of the eosinophilic granuloma complex?

Answer 23

Eosinophilic ulcer
Eosinophilic plaque
Eosinophilic collangenolytic granuloma

Question 24

Where are eosinophilic plaques most often found and on what age of cat are they usually found?

Answer 24

On the ventral abdomen - tends to be in younger cats (2-6 years)

Question 25

Where are eosinophilic ulcers found?

Answer 25

At the philtrum of upper lip to upper canine tooth

Question 26

What would be the histological findings of an eosinophilic ulcer?

Answer 26

Hyperplastic, ulcerated superficial perivascular fibrosing dermatitis with neutrophils and mononuclear cells

Question 27

Which granuloma is assoicate with peripheral circulating eosinophilia?

Answer 27

Eosinophilic (linear) granuloma

Question 28

What are the two main treatments of pruritic cats?

Answer 28

Glucocorticoids and ciclosporin

Question 29

What is the anti-inflammatory dose of glucocorticoids in cats?

Answer 29

Initial dose of 1-2mg/kg/day of prednisolone

Question 30

What is the immunosuppressive dose of glucocorticoids in cats?

Answer 30

Initial dose of >4mg/kg/day of predisolone

Question 31

Which reactions does the immunopathogenesis of flea bite hypersensitivity involve?

Answer 31

Type I and type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Question 32

How would you treat scabies?

Answer 32

Macrocyclic lactones and isoxazolines

Question 33

Where does chorioptic mange cause pruritis in horses and cattle?

Answer 33

Horses - lower legs
Cattle - tail base and udder

Question 34

What is the duration of chorioptic mange?

Answer 34

Two life cycles - 6 weeks

Question 35

How do chorioptes bovis and chorioptes equi survive in the environment?

Answer 35

Chorioptes bovis - mites need host to survive long term
Chorioptes equi - can survive off host for several weeks