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French Wine Scholar > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

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1
Q

Influence of railroad on Provence beginning 19th century

A

Brought tourists that consumed local wines

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2
Q

Climate Provence

A

Mediterranean

in some interior regions alpine and continental influences

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3
Q

Mistral in Provence

A

Cooling effect, mostly in winter & spring, although Mistral usually blows N - S, here its channeld South-westwards

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4
Q

Traditional training system and modern system in Provence

A

Traditional: Gobelet
Now: Guyot

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5
Q

Largest AOC in Provence

& wines produced

A

Côtes de Provence AOC
75% of production
90% rosé, 7% red, 3% white

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6
Q

Grapes used in Côtes de Provence AOC

A

Rosé / red: min 2 of: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Cinsault, Tibouren (Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan as additional blending allowed), rosé can contain small % of white grapes

White: Clairette, Rolle (Vermentino) Sémillon, Ugni Blanc

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7
Q

4 geographic designations (no independent AOCs) in Côte de Provence AOC, production standards

A

Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
La Londe
Pierrefeu

Higher alcohols, lower yields, Fréjus red min 6 months in oak

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8
Q

Name of white grape Rolle in Italy (land of origen)

A

Vermentino

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9
Q

Ugni Blanc (white grape) name in italy and synonym in Provence

A

Italy: Trebbiano
Provence: Roussan

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10
Q

Côtes de Provence Cru Classés

A

Ranking from 1955, ranks estates but only applies for original ranked vineyard sites

Originally ranked 23 / 5 don’t exist anymore, today: 18 estates

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11
Q

Only AOC in Provence that produces majority white & grapes for whites

A

Cassis AOC

Marsanne & Clairette blend

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12
Q

Cassis AOC, wine styles and grapes

A

white (67%), rosé (30%), red (3%)

white: Marsanne & Clairette blend
rosé, red: Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvèdre

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13
Q

Only AOC in Provence that allows Chardonnay

A

Bellet AOC

Whites usually Rolle/Chardonnay/Clairette blends

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14
Q

Typical bottle Provence

A

Flûte à Corset / skittle

corset for mid section, skittle for game

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15
Q

Vins de Soif

Vins de Gastronomie

A

Vins de Soif - light bodied, crisp, no oak, as apperitif

Vins de Gastronomie - deeper, fuller bodied, more structure, red also vin de garde

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16
Q

Newest Provence AOC & its climate

A

Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC

mediterranean with strong alpine influence

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17
Q

2 Provence AOC’s that produce more red wine

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

Palette AOC

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18
Q

Smallest AOC in Provence

A

Palette AOC

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19
Q

Provence AOCs that mandate oak ageing

A

Bandol AOC, Palette AOC, Côte de Provence Fréjus

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20
Q

Main red grape in Bandol AOC and ageing requirement for Bandol reds

A

Mourvèdre, 18 months in oak

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21
Q

Main red and main white grape in Bandol AOC

A

Red: Mourvèdre (min 50% in reds, min 20% in rosé)

White: Clairette (min 50%)

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22
Q

Most northern AOC in Provence

A

Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC, only AOC that lies north of Durance river, strong alpine influence

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23
Q

2 principal soil types in Provence

A 
Crystalline schist (eastern part)
Limestone / Clay (north & west)
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24
Q

2 white grapes of Provence with italian origin and italian names

A

Rolle - Vermentino

Ugni Blanc - Trebbiano

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25
Q

2 red grapes grown in Provence with spanish origin and spanish names

A

Carignan - Cariñena / Mazuelo

Mourvèdre - Mataro / Monastrell

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26
Q

2 principal methods of rosé production and resulting wine style

A

Direct Press - pale rosé with fruity aromas and minimal tannins

Saignée - more concentrated color and tannin; less complex aromatics

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27
Q

What wine styles can be labeled with Côtes de Provence AOC geographic designations - Sainte Victoire, Fréjus, La Londe, Pierrefeu

A

Reds & Rosé only
lower yields, higher alcohol
Reds from Fréjus six months in oak (barrels or foudre)

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28
Q

How many estates are classified Côtes de Provence Cru Classé

A

18 (originally 23 - 5 do no longer produce)

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29
Q

Palette AOC - ageing requirements

A

Reds: 18 months in Oak

Rosés & whites: 8 months before release

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30
Q

Only Provence AOC which produces Marsanne as primary grape

A

Cassis AOC

67% white, Marsanne-Clairette blend

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31
Q

Which Provence AOC only covers hillside vineyards

A

Bandol AOC

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32
Q

Which AOC has the highest diurnal swing of Provence

A

Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC, alpine influences

33
Q

AOC surrounding Nice

A

Bellet AOC

34
Q

Half of which Provence AOC is produced by Chateau Simone

A

Palette AOC
smallest AOC, 40 ha
44% red, 37% white

35
Q

Which Provence AOC vineyards face south in an amphitheater fashion

A

Bandol AOC

36
Q

Which Provence AOC’s vineyards are protected from the Mistral by the ‘Massif de Calanques’

A

Cassis AOC

37
Q

Which is the oldest wine region of France?

A

Provence

38
Q

What are the two primary soil types in Provence?

A 
Crystalline schist (east)
Clay-limestone (north & west)
39
Q

Which AOC produces the highest volume of wine in Provence?

A

Côtes de Provence AOC

40
Q

Which AOC has the only classification system in Provence?

A

Côtes de Provence AOC
1955, cru classé, estates classified, but only for the classified vineyards
23 originally classified, 5 stopped operations, today: 18 estates

41
Q

What are the 4 sub-regions of Côtes de Provence AOC?

A

Sainte-Victoire
Frejus
La Londe
Pierrefeu

42
Q

How do regulations of 4 sub-regions differ from main Cotes de Provence AOC?

A

Higher min. alcohol, lower yields, reds and rosé only

43
Q

Which is the 2nd largest AOC in Provence (after Côtes de Provence AOC)?

A

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC

44
Q

Smallest AOC in Provence?

A

Palette

45
Q

What AOC was previously part of Coteaux d’Aix -en-Provenve?

A

Les Baux de Provence

46
Q

Which AOC in Provence has the widest harvest differential N-S?

A

Coteaux Varois en Provence

47
Q

Which area is known for Vin Cuit (although not produced commercially)?

A

Palette

48
Q

Which AOC produces more white than rosé or red?

A

Cassis

49
Q

Which white grapes dominate in Cassis?

A

Marsanne & Clairette

50
Q

Which 4 AOC’s have mandatory aging requirements?

A

Bandol - reds
Les Baux de Provence - reds
Palette - reds, rosés, whites
Côtes de Provence Fréjus

51
Q

2 AOC’s that do not allow Bordeaux varieties?

A

Bellet

Coteaux de Pierrevert

52
Q

What are ‘restanques’

A

Stone retaining walls (Bandol)

53
Q

What are the 4 primary grapes used for rosé production in Provence?

A 
Grenache
Cinsault
Syrah
Mourvèdre
(GSM & Cinsault)
54
Q

What is the primary method of making Provence rosé?

A

direct press

fruit forward, light, elegant, light color, little tanins

55
Q

Who introduced formal viticulture to Provence

A

Phocaens

56
Q

What is the only AOC in Provence that allows Chardonnay?

A

Bellet

57
Q

Which AOC is a major producer of white wine from Marsanne?

A

Cassis

58
Q

What is the principal grape of red Bandol?

A

Mourvèdre

59
Q

Which Provencal AOC is a bastion for organic and biodynamic viticulture?

A

Les Baux de Provence

60
Q

What is ‘Maquis’?

A

Scrub vegetation growing on crystalline schist

61
Q

Where in Provence was Cabernet Sauvignon first planted?

A

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

62
Q

What Provence AOC produces more red wine then rosé?

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

63
Q

What AOC in Provence is known for organic and biodynamic farming?

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

64
Q

What is garrigue?

A

A term used to describe limestone soils and the herbs that grow upon it

65
Q

Maquis

A

A mix of herbs grown on schist soils

66
Q

Red and rosé Côtes de Provence AOC have two use at least 2 of which grapes?

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Cinsault, Tibouren

67
Q

What Provence AOC has strong alpine influences?

A

Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC

68
Q

What is the principal red grape of Bandol AOC?

A

Mourvèdre

69
Q

What are the 4 geographic designations of the Côtes de Provence AOC?

A

Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
La Londe
Pierrefeu

70
Q

What Provence AOC surrounds the city of Nice?

A

Bellet AOC

71
Q

Rolle is a synonym for what italian grape?

A

Vermentino

72
Q

What is the Hercynian Trend?

A

A deformation in the earth’s crust responsible for creating the mountains and massifs of Provence and Languedoc.

73
Q

What Provence AOC produces mainly white wine?

A

Cassis AOC (70% white)

74
Q

Term ‘restanques’?

A

Terraced stone walls in vineyards, especially in Bandol

75
Q

2 main soil types found in Provence?

A

Calcerous limestone

Quartz-rich schist

76
Q

What Provence AOC is known for indigenous grapes like Braquet and Folle Noire?

A

Bellet AOC

77
Q

Climate Provence

A

Mediterranean with some continental and alpine influence in the north

78
Q

What are the two main soil types in Provence?

A

Calcerous limestone

Quartz rich schist

French Wine Scholar (14 decks)

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