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French Wine Scholar > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of Loire production is AOC

A

AOC - 75%
IGP - 14%
Vins sans IG - 11%

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2
Q

Loir sub regions and its climates

A

Pays Nantais/Lower Loire - Maritime

Anjou, Saumur, Touraine/Middle Loire - Maritime with continental influences

Centre & Upper Loire - Continental

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3
Q

How much of Loire production is produced under AOC status

A

75 %

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4
Q

Climate Pays Nantais

A

Maritime,
warmed by golf stream and river,
cold & damp winters but little snow

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5
Q

Two rivers that bisect Pays Nantais

A

Sèvre & Maine

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6
Q

Dominant top soil in Pays Nantais and main characteristic

A

Gneiss
Very porous rock - drainage
Very wet&humid area, drainage very important

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7
Q

Synonyms of Chenin Blanc in Loire

A

Pineau de la Loire

Gros Pineau

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8
Q

Synonym of Muscadet in Pays Nantais

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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9
Q

What is the largest Loire AOC in ‘size’

A

Muscadet AOC

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10
Q

4 AOC’s Muscadet

A

Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC

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11
Q

Muscadet AOC responsible for highest Muscadet production

A

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC

75% of Muscadet production

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12
Q

Effects of sur lie ageing

A

rounder texture, nuttier, creamy mouthfeel

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13
Q

‘sur lie’ ageing requirements for non cru Muscadets

A

must be bottled between 1st april and 30th november year after harvest
state ‘sur lie’ on bottle - crus don’t

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14
Q

3 Crus of Muscadet Sèvre et Maine and sur lie ageing requirements

A

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Clisson - min 24 months sur lie

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Gorges - min 24 months sur lie

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Le Pallet - min 17 months sur lie

All crus hand harvested, lower yields and do not have term ‘sur lie’ on bottle!

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15
Q

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine cru with most concentrated flavor profile of 3 crus

A

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Clisson

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16
Q

4 subregions of Middle Loire

A

Anjou (arround city of Angers)

Layon (within Anjou, sweet wine)

Saumur (arround city of Saumur)

Touraine (between Saumur and Sancerre)

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17
Q

Tuffeau

A

White chalk soil found in Anjou and Saumur

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18
Q

Soils Anjou

A 
Dark Schist
White chalk (Tuffeau)
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19
Q

Soils Saumur

A

White chalk (Tuffeau) - high acid wines, sparkling!

Sand - red wine

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20
Q

Which Muscadet AOC is situated on a lake?

A

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC

along lake de Grand-Lieu

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21
Q

White grapes in Anjou/Saumur

A

Chenin Blanc (Pineau de la Loire, Gros Pineau)
Arbois
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

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22
Q

Red grapes Anjou/Saumur

A 
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Gamay
Grolleau (Groslot)
Grolleau Gris
Pineau d'Aunis
Pinot Noir
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23
Q

3 sparkling wine styles in middle Loire

A

Pétillants: Méthode Traditionelle, ‘fizzy’, 1 - 2.5 atm

Mousseaux: Méthode Traditionelle, min 3 atm

Crémant: Méthode Traditionelle, 9 months sur lie + 3 months in cellar before release

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24
Q

Sweet wine grape and production Middle Loire

A

Chenin Blanc, long hang time, often Botrytis

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25
Q

Anjou Blanc AOC

grapes & style

A

min 80% Chenin Blanc, balance Chardonnay & Sauvignon

dry and off dry

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26
Q

Anjou Rouge AOC

grapes

A

Based on Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc (min 70%) + Grolleau + Pineau d’Aunis

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27
Q

Anjou Villages AOC & Anjou Villages Brissac AOC

winestyle, grapes

A

red from Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

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28
Q

Anjou Gamay AOC

winestyles

A

Gamay, light & fruity, can also be vinified as primeur, launched 3rd Thursday of November

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29
Q

Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC

winestyle, grapes

A

sweet, Chenin Blanc, long hang time, botrytis

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30
Q

7 Middle Loire sweet wine AOC’s, all Chenin Blanc

A 
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire
Bonnezeaux
Coteaux du Layon
Coteaux du Layon + Village
Coteaux du Layon Chaume 1er Cru
Coteaux de L'Aubance
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
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31
Q

Anjou Mousseux AOC

winestyle, grapes

A

Sparkling, white & rosé, methode traditionelle
Chenin Blanc
max 60% Cab Franc, Cab S, Malbec, Gamay, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis vinified as Blanc de Noir

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32
Q

Bonnezeaux AOC

A

Sweet, Chenin Blanc, long hang time, Botrytis

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33
Q

Crémant de la Loire AOC

style and grapes

A

white & rosé
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab Franc, Cab Sauvignon, Pineaut d’Aunis, Pinot Noir, Grolleau
Min 9 months sur lie + 3 months

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34
Q

3 rosé Loire AOC’s from driest to sweetest

A

Rosé de Loire AOC (dry)
Rosé d’Anjou AOC (min 0.7% RS)
Cabernet d’Anjou AOC (min 1% RS)

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35
Q

Savennières AOC
grape
winestyle

A

Chenin Blanc
only white, mostly dry
very age worthy

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36
Q

2 climats of Savennières (independent AOC’s), which one is monopole?

A

Savennières Coulée de Serrant AOC (Monopole - Nicolas Joly)

Savennières Roche aux Moines AOC

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37
Q

Soils - Savennières AOC

what wines?

A

Slate, schist, clay
Concentraded Chenin Blanc, high acid, minerality
mostly dry

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38
Q

4 red wine AOC’s in Anjou

A

Anjou Rouge AOC
Anjou Villages AOC
Anjou Villages Brissac AOC
Anjou Gamay AOC

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39
Q

3 red wine AOC’s in Saumur

A

Saumur Rouge AOC
Saumur-Champigny AOC
Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame AOC

Primarily made from Cabernet Franc

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40
Q

Coteaux de Saumur AOC

grape, wine style

A

Chenin Blanc
Off dry to sweet
Handpicked, late harvest, botrytized

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41
Q

Saumur Blanc AOC

winestyle, grape

A

Chenin Blanc

dry, still

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42
Q

Saumur Mousseux AOC
Saumur Mousseux Rosé AOC

Grapes, production

A

Sparkling, Methode traditionel, Min 9 months sur lie, min 3 atm

Chenin blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis, Pinot Noir

Rosé min 60% Cabernet Franc

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43
Q

Synonyme of Cabernet Franc in Touraine

A

Breton

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44
Q

Perruche

A

Flint and clay soil found in Touraine

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45
Q

Aubuis

A

Limestone and clay soil found in Touraine

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46
Q

Gravières

A

gravels

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47
Q

Soils in Vouvray, Montlouis, Amboise

A

Tuffeau - high acid wines

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48
Q

Synonyme of Chardonnay in Touraine

A

Auvernat Blanc

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49
Q

White grape grown exclysively in Cour-Cheverny, Touraine

A

Romorantin

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50
Q

Red grapes only grown in Touraine (not in Anjou / Saumur)

A

Pinot Meunier, Malbec, Merlot, Sauvignon Gris, Pinot Gris

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51
Q

Synonym for Pinot Noir in Touraine

A

Auvernat Noir

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52
Q

Synonyms of Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir in Touraine

A

Cabernet Franc - Breton

Pinot Noir - Auvernat Noir

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53
Q

Bourgueil AOC

winestyles, grapes

A

red, dry rosé

Cabernet Franc &
max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

Medium bodied, tannic with intense aromas of strawberry and graphite

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54
Q

Bourgueil AOC
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC
Winestyles, grapes

A

Red, dry rosés
Cabernet Franc + max 10% Cab Sauvignon

Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil more fruity, less serious then Bourgueil & Chinon, for early consumption

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55
Q

Cheverny AOC

winestyle, grapes

A

Red, white, rosés - all dry
Wine law mandates percentage of grapes in vineyards, not wines

white: 60-84% Sauvignon Blanc & Gris
red: 60%-84%, Gamay 16 - 40% plus Cabernet Franc, Malbec

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56
Q

Chinon AOC

Winestyle, grape

A

Red, Rosé, White dry

Reds/Rosé: Cabernet Franc, max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

White: 100% Chenin Blanc

By production largest red AOC in Loire

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57
Q

Coteaux du Loir AOC

Location, winestyles, grapes

A 
On Loir (tributary to Loire)
reds, white, rosé (all dry)

White: Chenin Blanc

Reds / Rosés: Pineau d’Aunis dominated blends

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58
Q

Montlouis-Sur-Loire AOC

location, winestyles, grapes

A

Left bank, facing Vouvray

Whites only, from dry to sweet
Chenin Blanc

Styles: Sec, Demi-Sec, Moeulleux, Doux

Some with Botrytis

59
Q

Montlouis-Sur-Loire Mousseux AOC

Montlouis-Sur-Loire Pétillant AOC

A

Grape: Chenin Blanc
Min. 9 months sur lie

Pétillant: 1 - 2.5 atm
Mousseaux: min 3 atm

60
Q

Touraine AOC

winestyles, grapes

A

Percentages of grapes planted, not percentages in bottle

White/Red/Rosé (all dry)

Whites: Sauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Gris

Reds: mainly Cabernet Franc & Cot

Rosé: Cab Franc, Cab S, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Pinot Meunier…

61
Q

What is a wine labeled

‘Touraine Noble Joué’

A

Vin gris mainly from Pinot Meunier

62
Q

Touraine Mousseux AOC

Touraine Petillant AOC

A

Min sur months sur lie
white & rosé

grapes:
white: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay
rosé: Gamay, Cabernet Franc, Côt

63
Q

Vouvray AOC

location, winestyles, grapes

A 
right bank within Touraine AOC, facing Montluis-sur-Loire
whites, dry to sweet
100% Chenin Blanc
sec, demi-sec, moelleux, doux
some sweet wines with botrytis
64
Q

Vouvray Mousseux AOC

Vouvray Pétillant AOC

A

Chenin Blanc, white only

12 months sur lie!!

65
Q

Which Touraine Mousseaux and Pétillant AOC’s must spend a min of 12 months sur lie?

A

Vouvray Mousseeux AOC
Vouvray Pétillant AOC

all others 9 months

66
Q

Climate centre and upper Loire

A

Continental with large diurnal and seasonal temperature swings

67
Q

3 distinct soil types of centre Loire that rest atop of a base of Kimmeridgean limestone

A

Terres Blanches - marl rich in oyster fossils
Caillottes - limestone pebbels
Silex - flint

68
Q

Terres blanches

A

marl rich in oyster fossils, found in centre Loire

69
Q

Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC

Location, winestyle, grapes

A

Covers same area as Pouilly-Fumé

Grape: Chasselas

70
Q

AOC in Centre Loire that produces only white wine from Chasselas

A

Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC

covers same area as Pouilly-Fumé AOC

71
Q

Menetou-Salon AOC

winestyles & grapes

A

White, red, rosé

white: Sauvignon Blanc
red/rosé: Pinot Noir

similar style as Sancerre

72
Q

2 AOC in centre Loire that produces only white wines from Sauvignon Blanc

A 
Pouilly-Fumé AOC
Quincy AOC (Sauvignon Gris allowed as blending partner)
73
Q

3 soil types found in Sancerre

A

Terres Blanches
Silex
Caillottes

74
Q

2 AOC’s along Cher river Centre Loire

Winestyles

A

Quincy AOC - whites Sauvignon Blanc

Reuilly AOC - whites Sauvignon Blanc & reds/rosés: Pinot Noir

75
Q

2 ways to produce Rosé

A

Direct press

Saignée

76
Q

Term for all sparkling wines in Loire

A

Fines Bulles

fine bubbles

77
Q

Passerillage

A

Over-extended hang time, without noble rot, technique to produce sweet wine

78
Q

What grape was planted historically in Centre Loire, why did it change?

A

Chasselas

Difficult to graft after Phylloxera

79
Q

Soils Sancerre

A

Terres Blanches, Silex, Caillottes

80
Q

Soil Menetou-Salon AOC

A

Kimmeridgean

81
Q

Grape varieties Upper Loire

A

Whites: Chardonnay, Sacy
Reds: Gamay, Pinot Noir

82
Q

5 soil types found in Centre Loire

A 
Terres Blanches
Caillottes
Silex
Kimmeridgean
Sand
83
Q

Reuilly AOC

winestyles & grapes

A

whites: Sauvignon Blanc

red/rosé: Pinot Noir

84
Q

Which Centre Loire AOC allows Sauvignon Gris as blending partner to Sauvignon Blanc

A

Quincy AOC

85
Q

Gneiss and igneous/volcanic rock is found in what part if the Loire

A

Pays Nantais / Lower Loire

86
Q

Which AOC flanks the Cher river on Kimmeridgean Soils?

A

Reuilly AOC

87
Q

Which is the single largest producer of Loire sparkling wines?

A

Saumur

88
Q

What is Tuffeau

A

Porous limestone

89
Q

Synonym for Gros Plant

A

Folle Blanche

90
Q

Where in the Loire do you find Kimmerigean soils

A

Centre Loire

91
Q

Savennières AOC is located in?

A

Anjou

92
Q

Montlouis AOC is located in?

A

Touraine

93
Q

What are the 2 principal white grapes grown in Pays Nantais

A

Muscadet

Gros Plant

94
Q

Synonyms of Muscadet and Gros Plant in Pays Nantais

A

Muscadet - Melon de Bourgogne

Gros Plant - Folle Blanche

95
Q

Which Muscadet AOC’s can be labeled ‘sur lie’

A

all but the crus:

Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC

96
Q

Cour-Cheverny AOC

location, winestyle, grape

A

Touraine
dry white
Romorantin

97
Q

Which two grapes dominate the middle Loire.

A

Chenin Blanc

Cabernet Franc

98
Q

Synonyms in the Loire of:
Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc

A

Chenin Blanc:
Pineau de la Loire / Gros Pineau

Cabernet Franc:
Breton

99
Q

Two major soil types in Middle Loire

A

Tuffeau (Turonian Chalk)

Schist

100
Q

6 Major AOC’s that produce Chenin Blanc

A 
Vouvray AOC
Savennières AOC
Montlouis-Sur-Loire AOC
Anjou Blanc AOC
Saumur Blanc AOC
Coteaux du Loir AOC
101
Q

3 major Cabernet Franc AOC’s

A

Bourgueil
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
Chinon

102
Q

What grapes are used in Touraine Blanc AOC

A

Sauvignon Blanc AOC (min. 80% planted)

Sauvignon Gris

103
Q

Sweet wine AOC’s that make wine from Chenin Blanc

A 
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire
Bonnezeaux
Coteaux du Layon
- 1er Cru Chaume
- + Village
Coteaux de L'Aubance
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
104
Q

Only sweet wine Grand Cru in Loire

A

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

105
Q

Only sweet wine AOC outside of Layon?

A

Anjou Coteaux de la Loire AOC

106
Q

Which of the sweet AOC has the highest minimum residual sugar requirement?

A

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

8.5%, 85 g / liter

107
Q

What grapes are used in Touraine Blanc AOC

A 
Sauvignon Blanc (min. 80% planted)
Sauvignon Gris
108
Q

Savennières, grape and winestyle

A

Chenin Blanc
still
usually dry, but also demi-sec, moelleux and doux

109
Q

Vouvray, grape & winestyle

A

Chenin Blanc
dry to sweet
still ot sparkling

110
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire, grapes, winestyle

A

Chenin Blanc
dry to sweet
still or sparkling
(like Vouvray)

111
Q

Names of 2 Savennières climats, now AOC, which is monopole

A

Coulée de Serrant AOC (monopole)

La Roche aux Moines AOC

112
Q

What is the grape grown in Cour-Cheverny AOC

A

Romorantin (white)

113
Q

What grape is grown in Cheverny AOC?

A

Whites: Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris (& Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Arbois)

Reds: Pinot Noir (& Gamay, Cabernet Franc, Malbec)

114
Q

4 major rosé AOC’s in Loire from dry to sweet

A

Rosé de Loire (max 3 g/l - 0.3%)
Saumur Rosé (max 6 g/l - 0.6%)
Rosé d’Anjou (max 7 g/l - 0.7%)
Cabernet d’Anjou (min 10 g/l - 1%)

115
Q

Rosé AOC in Loire that produces dry style?

A

Rosé de Loire AOC

116
Q

What variety is permitted in Rosé de Loire, but not in Rosé d’Anjou?

A

Pinot Noir

117
Q

Which variety is permitted in Rosé d’Anjou but not in Rosé de Loire?

A

Malbec

118
Q

Common varieties used in Rosé de Loire and Rosé d’Anjou?

A

Cabernets, Grouleau, Pineau d’Aunis, Gamay

119
Q

In what region is Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru located?

A

Layon

120
Q

In what region are Chinon and Bourgeuil located?

A

Touraine

121
Q

In what region are Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire located?

A

Touraine

122
Q

In what region is Savennières located?

A

Anjou

123
Q

Terres Blanches

A

Limestone rich marls

124
Q

Caillotes

A

Limestone gravels

125
Q

Silex

A

Flint

126
Q

Sancerre, grapes, winestyles

A

Whites: Sauvignon blanc, dry

Red/rosé: Pinot Noir

127
Q

Pouilly-Fumé, grapes & winestyles

A

only dry white, Sauvignon Blanc

128
Q

Menetou-Salon, grapes, winestyles

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc

Red, rosé: Pinot Noir (dry)

129
Q

Reuilly, winestyle & grapes

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Pinot Noir
Rosé: Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris

130
Q 
Left or right bank of Loire river?
Savennières
Vouvray
Chinon
Bourgueil
A

Savennières - right
Vouvray - right
Chinon - left
Bourgueil - right

131
Q

What style of wine is made in the Chaume & Quarts de Chaume AOCs?

A

Sweet, botrytized dessert wines

132
Q

Which sweet wine producing subregion lies within the Anjou zone?

A

Layon

133
Q

Quincy AOC
location
winestyle
grapes

A

Centre Loire near Cher river
only whites
Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris as blending partner

134
Q

Synonyms of Chenin Blanc in Loire Valley

A

Pineau de la Loire

Gros Pineau

135
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC
location
winestyle
grapes

A

Touraine, left bank, opposite from Vouvray
still white, Mousseux, Pétillant
Chenin Blanc

136
Q

Chardonnay is grown in the Loire, True or False?

A

True, mostly for Sparkling

137
Q

What are the two principal white grapes grown in Pays Nantais?

A

Muscadet

Gros Plant

138
Q

Grolleau (Groslot) grape
color
origen
where planted

A

Red grape mainly for rosé production
origen - cenral Loire
Anjou / Saumur & Tourraine

139
Q

What porcentage of wine produced in Loire is AOC status?

A

75%

3 rd producer of AOC wines in France

140
Q

AOC in Touraine that crafts white wine based on Sauvignon Blanc/Gris and reds on Pinot Noir/Gamay

A

Cheverny AOC

Ley mandates percentages in planting, not in final wine

141
Q

Dry white AOC in Touraine that is 100% Romorantin

A

Cour-Cheverny AOC

142
Q

Which Loire AOC produces most red wine

A

Chinon AOC

143
Q

Which Mousseux & Pétillant AOC demands 12 months of sur lie ageing?

A

Vouvray Mousseux / Pétillant AOC

144
Q

Which Touraine AOC faces Vouvray (right bank) on left bank

A

Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC

French Wine Scholar (14 decks)

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