Loire Flashcards
How much of Loire production is AOC
AOC - 75%
IGP - 14%
Vins sans IG - 11%
Loir sub regions and its climates
Pays Nantais/Lower Loire - Maritime
Anjou, Saumur, Touraine/Middle Loire - Maritime with continental influences
Centre & Upper Loire - Continental
How much of Loire production is produced under AOC status
75 %
Climate Pays Nantais
Maritime,
warmed by golf stream and river,
cold & damp winters but little snow
Two rivers that bisect Pays Nantais
Sèvre & Maine
Dominant top soil in Pays Nantais and main characteristic
Gneiss
Very porous rock - drainage
Very wet&humid area, drainage very important
Synonyms of Chenin Blanc in Loire
Pineau de la Loire
Gros Pineau
Synonym of Muscadet in Pays Nantais
Melon de Bourgogne
What is the largest Loire AOC in ‘size’
Muscadet AOC
4 AOC’s Muscadet
Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC
Muscadet AOC responsible for highest Muscadet production
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC
75% of Muscadet production
Effects of sur lie ageing
rounder texture, nuttier, creamy mouthfeel
‘sur lie’ ageing requirements for non cru Muscadets
must be bottled between 1st april and 30th november year after harvest
state ‘sur lie’ on bottle - crus don’t
3 Crus of Muscadet Sèvre et Maine and sur lie ageing requirements
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Clisson - min 24 months sur lie
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Gorges - min 24 months sur lie
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Le Pallet - min 17 months sur lie
All crus hand harvested, lower yields and do not have term ‘sur lie’ on bottle!
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine cru with most concentrated flavor profile of 3 crus
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Clisson
4 subregions of Middle Loire
Anjou (arround city of Angers)
Layon (within Anjou, sweet wine)
Saumur (arround city of Saumur)
Touraine (between Saumur and Sancerre)
Tuffeau
White chalk soil found in Anjou and Saumur
Soils Anjou
Dark Schist White chalk (Tuffeau)
Soils Saumur
White chalk (Tuffeau) - high acid wines, sparkling!
Sand - red wine
Which Muscadet AOC is situated on a lake?
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC
along lake de Grand-Lieu
White grapes in Anjou/Saumur
Chenin Blanc (Pineau de la Loire, Gros Pineau)
Arbois
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Red grapes Anjou/Saumur
Cabernet Franc Cabernet Sauvignon Gamay Grolleau (Groslot) Grolleau Gris Pineau d'Aunis Pinot Noir
3 sparkling wine styles in middle Loire
Pétillants: Méthode Traditionelle, ‘fizzy’, 1 - 2.5 atm
Mousseaux: Méthode Traditionelle, min 3 atm
Crémant: Méthode Traditionelle, 9 months sur lie + 3 months in cellar before release
Sweet wine grape and production Middle Loire
Chenin Blanc, long hang time, often Botrytis
Anjou Blanc AOC
grapes & style
min 80% Chenin Blanc, balance Chardonnay & Sauvignon
dry and off dry
Anjou Rouge AOC
grapes
Based on Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc (min 70%) + Grolleau + Pineau d’Aunis
Anjou Villages AOC & Anjou Villages Brissac AOC
winestyle, grapes
red from Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon
Anjou Gamay AOC
winestyles
Gamay, light & fruity, can also be vinified as primeur, launched 3rd Thursday of November
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC
winestyle, grapes
sweet, Chenin Blanc, long hang time, botrytis
7 Middle Loire sweet wine AOC’s, all Chenin Blanc
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire Bonnezeaux Coteaux du Layon Coteaux du Layon + Village Coteaux du Layon Chaume 1er Cru Coteaux de L'Aubance Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Anjou Mousseux AOC
winestyle, grapes
Sparkling, white & rosé, methode traditionelle
Chenin Blanc
max 60% Cab Franc, Cab S, Malbec, Gamay, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis vinified as Blanc de Noir
Bonnezeaux AOC
Sweet, Chenin Blanc, long hang time, Botrytis
Crémant de la Loire AOC
style and grapes
white & rosé
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab Franc, Cab Sauvignon, Pineaut d’Aunis, Pinot Noir, Grolleau
Min 9 months sur lie + 3 months
3 rosé Loire AOC’s from driest to sweetest
Rosé de Loire AOC (dry)
Rosé d’Anjou AOC (min 0.7% RS)
Cabernet d’Anjou AOC (min 1% RS)
Savennières AOC
grape
winestyle
Chenin Blanc
only white, mostly dry
very age worthy
2 climats of Savennières (independent AOC’s), which one is monopole?
Savennières Coulée de Serrant AOC (Monopole - Nicolas Joly)
Savennières Roche aux Moines AOC
Soils - Savennières AOC
what wines?
Slate, schist, clay
Concentraded Chenin Blanc, high acid, minerality
mostly dry
4 red wine AOC’s in Anjou
Anjou Rouge AOC
Anjou Villages AOC
Anjou Villages Brissac AOC
Anjou Gamay AOC
3 red wine AOC’s in Saumur
Saumur Rouge AOC
Saumur-Champigny AOC
Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame AOC
Primarily made from Cabernet Franc
Coteaux de Saumur AOC
grape, wine style
Chenin Blanc
Off dry to sweet
Handpicked, late harvest, botrytized
Saumur Blanc AOC
winestyle, grape
Chenin Blanc
dry, still
Saumur Mousseux AOC
Saumur Mousseux Rosé AOC
Grapes, production
Sparkling, Methode traditionel, Min 9 months sur lie, min 3 atm
Chenin blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis, Pinot Noir
Rosé min 60% Cabernet Franc
Synonyme of Cabernet Franc in Touraine
Breton
Perruche
Flint and clay soil found in Touraine
Aubuis
Limestone and clay soil found in Touraine
Gravières
gravels
Soils in Vouvray, Montlouis, Amboise
Tuffeau - high acid wines
Synonyme of Chardonnay in Touraine
Auvernat Blanc
White grape grown exclysively in Cour-Cheverny, Touraine
Romorantin
Red grapes only grown in Touraine (not in Anjou / Saumur)
Pinot Meunier, Malbec, Merlot, Sauvignon Gris, Pinot Gris
Synonym for Pinot Noir in Touraine
Auvernat Noir
Synonyms of Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir in Touraine
Cabernet Franc - Breton
Pinot Noir - Auvernat Noir
Bourgueil AOC
winestyles, grapes
red, dry rosé
Cabernet Franc &
max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Medium bodied, tannic with intense aromas of strawberry and graphite
Bourgueil AOC
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC
Winestyles, grapes
Red, dry rosés
Cabernet Franc + max 10% Cab Sauvignon
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil more fruity, less serious then Bourgueil & Chinon, for early consumption
Cheverny AOC
winestyle, grapes
Red, white, rosés - all dry
Wine law mandates percentage of grapes in vineyards, not wines
white: 60-84% Sauvignon Blanc & Gris
red: 60%-84%, Gamay 16 - 40% plus Cabernet Franc, Malbec
Chinon AOC
Winestyle, grape
Red, Rosé, White dry
Reds/Rosé: Cabernet Franc, max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
White: 100% Chenin Blanc
By production largest red AOC in Loire
Coteaux du Loir AOC
Location, winestyles, grapes
On Loir (tributary to Loire) reds, white, rosé (all dry)
White: Chenin Blanc
Reds / Rosés: Pineau d’Aunis dominated blends
Montlouis-Sur-Loire AOC
location, winestyles, grapes
Left bank, facing Vouvray
Whites only, from dry to sweet
Chenin Blanc
Styles: Sec, Demi-Sec, Moeulleux, Doux
Some with Botrytis
Montlouis-Sur-Loire Mousseux AOC
Montlouis-Sur-Loire Pétillant AOC
Grape: Chenin Blanc
Min. 9 months sur lie
Pétillant: 1 - 2.5 atm
Mousseaux: min 3 atm
Touraine AOC
winestyles, grapes
Percentages of grapes planted, not percentages in bottle
White/Red/Rosé (all dry)
Whites: Sauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Gris
Reds: mainly Cabernet Franc & Cot
Rosé: Cab Franc, Cab S, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Pinot Meunier…
What is a wine labeled
‘Touraine Noble Joué’
Vin gris mainly from Pinot Meunier
Touraine Mousseux AOC
Touraine Petillant AOC
Min sur months sur lie
white & rosé
grapes:
white: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay
rosé: Gamay, Cabernet Franc, Côt
Vouvray AOC
location, winestyles, grapes
right bank within Touraine AOC, facing Montluis-sur-Loire whites, dry to sweet 100% Chenin Blanc sec, demi-sec, moelleux, doux some sweet wines with botrytis
Vouvray Mousseux AOC
Vouvray Pétillant AOC
Chenin Blanc, white only
12 months sur lie!!
Which Touraine Mousseaux and Pétillant AOC’s must spend a min of 12 months sur lie?
Vouvray Mousseeux AOC
Vouvray Pétillant AOC
all others 9 months
Climate centre and upper Loire
Continental with large diurnal and seasonal temperature swings
3 distinct soil types of centre Loire that rest atop of a base of Kimmeridgean limestone
Terres Blanches - marl rich in oyster fossils
Caillottes - limestone pebbels
Silex - flint
Terres blanches
marl rich in oyster fossils, found in centre Loire
Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC
Location, winestyle, grapes
Covers same area as Pouilly-Fumé
Grape: Chasselas
AOC in Centre Loire that produces only white wine from Chasselas
Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC
covers same area as Pouilly-Fumé AOC
Menetou-Salon AOC
winestyles & grapes
White, red, rosé
white: Sauvignon Blanc
red/rosé: Pinot Noir
similar style as Sancerre
2 AOC in centre Loire that produces only white wines from Sauvignon Blanc
Pouilly-Fumé AOC Quincy AOC (Sauvignon Gris allowed as blending partner)
3 soil types found in Sancerre
Terres Blanches
Silex
Caillottes
2 AOC’s along Cher river Centre Loire
Winestyles
Quincy AOC - whites Sauvignon Blanc
Reuilly AOC - whites Sauvignon Blanc & reds/rosés: Pinot Noir
2 ways to produce Rosé
Direct press
Saignée
Term for all sparkling wines in Loire
Fines Bulles
fine bubbles
Passerillage
Over-extended hang time, without noble rot, technique to produce sweet wine
What grape was planted historically in Centre Loire, why did it change?
Chasselas
Difficult to graft after Phylloxera
Soils Sancerre
Terres Blanches, Silex, Caillottes
Soil Menetou-Salon AOC
Kimmeridgean
Grape varieties Upper Loire
Whites: Chardonnay, Sacy
Reds: Gamay, Pinot Noir
5 soil types found in Centre Loire
Terres Blanches Caillottes Silex Kimmeridgean Sand
Reuilly AOC
winestyles & grapes
whites: Sauvignon Blanc
red/rosé: Pinot Noir
Which Centre Loire AOC allows Sauvignon Gris as blending partner to Sauvignon Blanc
Quincy AOC
Gneiss and igneous/volcanic rock is found in what part if the Loire
Pays Nantais / Lower Loire
Which AOC flanks the Cher river on Kimmeridgean Soils?
Reuilly AOC
Which is the single largest producer of Loire sparkling wines?
Saumur
What is Tuffeau
Porous limestone
Synonym for Gros Plant
Folle Blanche
Where in the Loire do you find Kimmerigean soils
Centre Loire
Savennières AOC is located in?
Anjou
Montlouis AOC is located in?
Touraine
What are the 2 principal white grapes grown in Pays Nantais
Muscadet
Gros Plant
Synonyms of Muscadet and Gros Plant in Pays Nantais
Muscadet - Melon de Bourgogne
Gros Plant - Folle Blanche
Which Muscadet AOC’s can be labeled ‘sur lie’
all but the crus:
Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOC
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Cour-Cheverny AOC
location, winestyle, grape
Touraine
dry white
Romorantin
Which two grapes dominate the middle Loire.
Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc
Synonyms in the Loire of:
Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc
Chenin Blanc:
Pineau de la Loire / Gros Pineau
Cabernet Franc:
Breton
Two major soil types in Middle Loire
Tuffeau (Turonian Chalk)
Schist
6 Major AOC’s that produce Chenin Blanc
Vouvray AOC Savennières AOC Montlouis-Sur-Loire AOC Anjou Blanc AOC Saumur Blanc AOC Coteaux du Loir AOC
3 major Cabernet Franc AOC’s
Bourgueil
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
Chinon
What grapes are used in Touraine Blanc AOC
Sauvignon Blanc AOC (min. 80% planted)
Sauvignon Gris
Sweet wine AOC’s that make wine from Chenin Blanc
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire Bonnezeaux Coteaux du Layon - 1er Cru Chaume - + Village Coteaux de L'Aubance Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Only sweet wine Grand Cru in Loire
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Only sweet wine AOC outside of Layon?
Anjou Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Which of the sweet AOC has the highest minimum residual sugar requirement?
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
8.5%, 85 g / liter
What grapes are used in Touraine Blanc AOC
Sauvignon Blanc (min. 80% planted) Sauvignon Gris
Savennières, grape and winestyle
Chenin Blanc
still
usually dry, but also demi-sec, moelleux and doux
Vouvray, grape & winestyle
Chenin Blanc
dry to sweet
still ot sparkling
Montlouis-sur-Loire, grapes, winestyle
Chenin Blanc
dry to sweet
still or sparkling
(like Vouvray)
Names of 2 Savennières climats, now AOC, which is monopole
Coulée de Serrant AOC (monopole)
La Roche aux Moines AOC
What is the grape grown in Cour-Cheverny AOC
Romorantin (white)
What grape is grown in Cheverny AOC?
Whites: Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris (& Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Arbois)
Reds: Pinot Noir (& Gamay, Cabernet Franc, Malbec)
4 major rosé AOC’s in Loire from dry to sweet
Rosé de Loire (max 3 g/l - 0.3%)
Saumur Rosé (max 6 g/l - 0.6%)
Rosé d’Anjou (max 7 g/l - 0.7%)
Cabernet d’Anjou (min 10 g/l - 1%)
Rosé AOC in Loire that produces dry style?
Rosé de Loire AOC
What variety is permitted in Rosé de Loire, but not in Rosé d’Anjou?
Pinot Noir
Which variety is permitted in Rosé d’Anjou but not in Rosé de Loire?
Malbec
Common varieties used in Rosé de Loire and Rosé d’Anjou?
Cabernets, Grouleau, Pineau d’Aunis, Gamay
In what region is Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru located?
Layon
In what region are Chinon and Bourgeuil located?
Touraine
In what region are Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire located?
Touraine
In what region is Savennières located?
Anjou
Terres Blanches
Limestone rich marls
Caillotes
Limestone gravels
Silex
Flint
Sancerre, grapes, winestyles
Whites: Sauvignon blanc, dry
Red/rosé: Pinot Noir
Pouilly-Fumé, grapes & winestyles
only dry white, Sauvignon Blanc
Menetou-Salon, grapes, winestyles
White: Sauvignon Blanc
Red, rosé: Pinot Noir (dry)
Reuilly, winestyle & grapes
White: Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Pinot Noir
Rosé: Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris
Left or right bank of Loire river? Savennières Vouvray Chinon Bourgueil
Savennières - right
Vouvray - right
Chinon - left
Bourgueil - right
What style of wine is made in the Chaume & Quarts de Chaume AOCs?
Sweet, botrytized dessert wines
Which sweet wine producing subregion lies within the Anjou zone?
Layon
Quincy AOC
location
winestyle
grapes
Centre Loire near Cher river
only whites
Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris as blending partner
Synonyms of Chenin Blanc in Loire Valley
Pineau de la Loire
Gros Pineau
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC
location
winestyle
grapes
Touraine, left bank, opposite from Vouvray
still white, Mousseux, Pétillant
Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay is grown in the Loire, True or False?
True, mostly for Sparkling
What are the two principal white grapes grown in Pays Nantais?
Muscadet
Gros Plant
Grolleau (Groslot) grape
color
origen
where planted
Red grape mainly for rosé production
origen - cenral Loire
Anjou / Saumur & Tourraine
What porcentage of wine produced in Loire is AOC status?
75%
3 rd producer of AOC wines in France
AOC in Touraine that crafts white wine based on Sauvignon Blanc/Gris and reds on Pinot Noir/Gamay
Cheverny AOC
Ley mandates percentages in planting, not in final wine
Dry white AOC in Touraine that is 100% Romorantin
Cour-Cheverny AOC
Which Loire AOC produces most red wine
Chinon AOC
Which Mousseux & Pétillant AOC demands 12 months of sur lie ageing?
Vouvray Mousseux / Pétillant AOC
Which Touraine AOC faces Vouvray (right bank) on left bank
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC