Languedoc-Roussilon Flashcards
2 events in 19th century that lead Languedoc to become French #1 producer
1855: Railway Paris-Lyon-Marseille, inexpensive wine could be transported north for low cost
1863 Phylloxera, Languedoc replanted quickly on american root stock
by 1900 Languedoc became France #1 producer, producing almost half of french wine
Importance of Coops Languedoc
approx. 150 coops, responsible for 65% of production
Garrigue
Limestone soils in south of France, very poor in nutritients, delivers red & whites with high acidity & polished tannis
AOC Languedoc
Winstyles
Origin of fruit
Grapes
Includes fruit from Roussillon 79% red, 21% rosé, 8% white Red: Grenache, Llandoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre (min 50%) Cinsault, Carignan (max 40%) By law blends of at least 2 variatels
Are there single variaty wines from Languedoc AOC?
No, by law blends of min 2 varietals
AOC Languedoc - DGC
Dénominations Géographiques Complémentaires (districts)
12 different districts allowed,
if DGC on label fruit has to be from zone.
2 AOCs of Languedoc that only produce white wine, grapes & soils
Clairette du Languedoc AOC
Clairette, Limestone
Picpoul de Pinet AOC
Picpoul, Limestone
Faugères Cru AOC
wine style, grapes, location
85% red
Syrah, Grenache, Mourvèdre, Carignan, Cinsault
Within foothills of Cévennes Mountains
Term ‘Cru’ in Languedoc / Roussillon
How many Cu AOC’s in Languedoc?
not legally defined, simply implies statu
6 Cru AOC’s in Languedoc
How many ‘Cru’ appellations in Languedoc
6
Lladoner Pelut
Red grape, common in Languedoc–Roussillon
Mutation of Grenache-Noir
Terrasses du Larzac AOC
winestyle & grapes
only red
Syrah, Grenache, Mourvèdre (min 60%)
Carignan, Cinsault (max 30%)
Terrasses du Larzac AOC
location & climate
On foot of Larzac plateau
Continental influences, more rainfall
high diurnal temp differences
Minervois AOC
red grapes
Syrah based with high proportions of Grenache, Mourvèdre (GSM min 60%)
biggest non regional AOC in Languedoc
and winestyle
Corbières AOC
mostly red, Carignan based
Names for Carignan in Spain
Cariñena, Mazuelo
Winestyle produced by Carignan grape
well structured tannic reds with good acidity
Fitou AOC
winestyle and grapes
only red
Carignan/Grenache (min 60%)
Syrah, Mourvèdre
2 subzones of Fitou AOC and soils
Fitou Maritime - Clay, Limestone
Haut Fitou - Limestone, Sandstone
Which AOC in Languedoc has an equal split between Atlantic and Mediterranean varieties?
Cabardès AOC
Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc (min 40%)
Syrah, Grenache (min 40%)
Malepère AOC
winestyles and grapes
70% red, 30% rosé
Red: Merlot (min. 50%), Côt (min 20%), Cabernet Franc (min 20%)
Rosé: min. 50% Cabernet Franc
Which Languedoc AOC is divided into Atlantic Corridor and Mountain / hillsides, name the 2 subzones
Fitou AOC
Fitou Maritime
Haut Fitou
Which Languedoc AOC is divided into Atlantic Corridor and Mountain / hillsides, name the 2 subzones
Fitou AOC
Fitou Maritime
Haut Fitou
Only grape variety used in Roussillon and not in Languedoc
Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon) - white grape
Synonym of Tourbat (white grape variety used in Roussillon but not in Languedoc) in Roussillon
Malvoisie du Roussillon
Vins Doux Naturel Languedoc - grapes, production standards
100% Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc Hand Harvested Mutage to min 15% alcohol min residual sugar 11% (except Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois: 12.5%) Reductive
4 VDN AOC’s in Languedoc and min residual sugar
Muscat de Lunel AOC - 11%
Muscat de Mireval AOC - 11%
Muscat de Frontignan AOC - 11%
Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois AOC - 12.5%
Grape: Muscat à Petits Grains
Hand Harvet
Mutage to 15% alcohol
What wine style is Roussillon known for?
Vins Doux Naturels, 80% of french production
Climate Roussillon
Mediterranean, sunniest region of France, in rain shadow of Pyrénées
Tramontane
Strong north wind in Roussillon, like Mistral dries and concentrates sugar in grapes, minimizes risks od disease
Where does the name “Roussillon” come from
Rousse - red clay, common in area
Rousse
Red clay in Roussillon, iron rich, sandy, water retaining, Roussillon got name from it
Wine Styles produced in
Côtes du Roussillon AOC
Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC
Côtes du Roussillon AOC:
Red (80%), Rosé, White
Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC
Res only, Grenache based, but blend of min 2 varieties
How many villages, considered cru, can add their name to Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC
4
Grapes used in Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC
Red only
Grenache, Carignan, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre
Grenache base, but blends of min 2 varieties, max. 70% of one grape
With what VDN AOC does Collioure AOC (Roussillon) share the same area
Banylus AOC
Banylus Grand Cru AOC
Only 100% white VDN AOC in Roussillon and grapes
Muscat de Rivesalte AOC
Muscat à petits grains
Muscat d’Alexandrie
5 VDN AOC, in Roussillon and style
Rivesaltes AOC (red/white) Maury AOC (red/white) Banylus AOC (red/rosé/white) Banylus Grand Cru AOC (red) Muscat de Rivesaltes (white)
Winestyles Maurie AOC (Roussillon)
Maurie sec: Dry red (sec on label)
VDN: Red & White
Bonbonne
Glass jars in which VDN can be aged
Hors D’Age
Oxidized VDN with min. ageing of 5 years
Wine styles Banyuls AOC & Banyuls Cru AOC
VDN
Banyuls AOC - red, rosé, white
Banyuls Grand Cru AOC - red only, min 75 % Grenache Noir
Arnaud de Villeneuve
1285, invented Mutage
IGP Pay’s d’Oc
Most important IGP in France, 67% of IGP production
Fruit can come from Languedoc & Roussillion
IGP Pay’s d’Oc
Most important IGP in France, 67% of IGP production
Fruit can come from Languedoc & Roussillion
Which grape is the historical backbone of Languedoc red blends
Carignan
Languedoc: How many grape varieties are approved for IGP wines
56
2 non-fortified AOC’’s along Languedoc coastal plain and wine styles
Picpoul de Pinet AOC - white, 100% Picpoul
La Clape Cru AOC - 90% red, 10% white, red: min. 70% GSM
3 VDN Languedoc AOC’s located on Coastal Plains, grapes
Muscat de Lunel AOC
Muscat de Mireval AOC
Muscat de Frontignan AOC
Grape: Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc
Only VDN AOC in Languedoc located in Mountains / Hillsides
Muscat de Saint Jean Minervois AOC
Most western Languedoc AOC (Atlantic Corridor), Grapes
Malpère AOC
70% red, 30% rosé
min. 50% Merlot
Which AOC in Languedoc is known for sparkling wine
Limoux
In which Languedoc AOC dominate Bordeaux varieties
Malepère AOC - min 50% Merlot
Which Languedoc AOC is known for Syrah based wines?
Minervois AOC
In which Languedoc AOC do you find wines from Mauzac grape
Limoux AOC
still white
Blanquette de Limoux AOC
Blanquette de Limoux Méthode Ancestrale AOC
What is the major grape in
Blanquette de Limoux AOC & Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale AOC
Mouzac
Name 3 rivers that flow through Roussillon
Tech, Têt, Agly
Four french departments in Languedoc
Aude
Herault
Gard
Lozére
Banyuls AOC must contain 50% of which grape
Grenache Noir
What grape is historic backbone of Languedoc red blend
Carignan
Which grape is also known as Malvoisie du Roussillon or Malvasia
Tourbat
Roussillon drafts what percentage of all of France VDN
80%
Term for white Banyuls that is oxidized
Ambré
Term for Red Banyuls made reductively
Rimage
Term for red Banyuls that is oxidized
Tuilé
Term for red Banyuls that is extremely oxidized
Rancio
Explain terms Tuilé and Rancio in red Banyuls
Tuilé - oxidized
Rancio - extremely oxidized
The sparkling tradition of Limoux predates that of Champagne by how many years
150 years
How many Languedoc Crus
6
Dominant grapes in red blends
Corbières AOC
Minervois AOC
Corbières - Carignan (min 50%)
Minervois - GSM (min 60%)
Only 100% dry white AOC in Mountaineous region of Languedoc
Clairette du Languedoc AOC
Grape: Clairette
Where was the first Coop cellar in France
Maraussan, Languedoc
How did Phylloxera have a positive effect for Languedoc?
First region to be replanted, became major source for french wine
Most important red grapes in Languedoc
Carignan, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Grenache
Which grape is the historical backbone of Languedoc red blends?
Carignan
3 rivers of Rousssillon and influence on climate
Agly, Têt, Tech
Carry cold water from Pyrenees,
temper areas around them
Topography Roussillon
Hills, surrounded by mountains
3 topographical zones Languedoc
Coastal plains: fertile, entry level IGPs
Mountains/Hillside: higher diurial variations, rainshadow
Atlantic corridor: Atlantic & Mediterranean forces meet
Synonyme for
Tourbat (white grape), only grape used in Roussillon and not in Languedoc
Malvoisie du Roussillon
Term Ambré
oxidized white VDN (amber color)
Term ‘Tuilé’
Oxidized red VDN (tuilé - color of local roof tile)
Term Rancio VDN
extremely oxidized
Bonbonnes
Glas Jars used to oxidate VDN
Which AOC and IGP Languedoc and Roussillon share jointly?
IGP Pays d’OC
Languedoc AOC
Roussillon produces what percentage of all France’s VDN?
80%
Term for Red Banyuls that is made reductively?
Rimage
Term for white oxidized Banyuls
Ambré
Terms for
- oxidized Red Banyuls
- extremely oxidized Red Banyuls
oxidized: Tuilé
extremely oxidized: Rancio
What AOCs are located in the Languedocs ‘Atlantic Corridor’?
Cabardés, Malepère and Limoux AOCs
What Languedoc AOC grows Chenin Blanc?
Limoux
Which AOC covers the same area as Banyuls / Banyuls Grand Cru AOCss, but for dry wines?
Collioure AOC
Which Roussillon AOC produces dry reds and VDN (red & white)?
Maury AOC
2 Languedoc AOCs that produce only white wine from one single grape
Clairette de Languedoc AOC
Picpoul de Pinet AOC
