Protozoology Flashcards
<p>1. What are the development stages of the protozoa?</p>
<p>a. Tropho<strong>zoit</strong></p>
<p>b.<strong>Cyst</strong></p>
<p>2. What are the properties of the tropho<strong>zoit</strong>?</p>
<p>-can move</p>
<p>-can feed</p>
<p>-can multiply and die</p>
<p>3. What are the properties of the <strong>cyst</strong>?</p>
<p>-responsible for surviving in unfavourable environment</p>
<p>-NOT showing biochemical activity</p>
<p>-is a dormant structure</p>
<p>4. How can the protozoa be classified?</p>
<p>By the type of movement:</p>
<p>1. Amoeba</p>
<p>2. Ciliate</p>
<p>3. Flagellate</p>
<p>4. Sporozoa</p>
<p>5. List two amoebas:</p>
<p>-<b>Enta</b>moeba sp.</p>
<p>-<strong>Acanta</strong>moeba sp.</p>
<p>-<strong>Naegl</strong>eria sp.</p>
<p>6. What is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery?</p>
<p>-<b>Enta</b>moeba H<strong>isto</strong>lytica</p>
<p>7. What can <strong>Enta</strong>moeba histolytica cause?</p>
<p>-amoebic <strong>dysentery</strong></p>
<p>-<strong>abscess</strong> in: Liver, Lung and Brain</p>
<p>8. What is the causative agent of primary amoebic <b>meningo</b>encephalitis?</p>
<p>Naegleria <strong>fowleri</strong></p>
<p>9. What is the causative agent of amoebic keratitis?</p>
<p><strong>Acantha</strong>moeba castellani</p>
<p>10. Which protozoa can cause steatorrhea?</p>
<p>Giardia <strong>Lamb</strong>lia</p>
<p>11. What is the treatment of giardiasis?</p>
<p><strong>Metron</strong>idazole</p>
<p>12. Which protozoon can cause prostatitis?</p>
<p>Trichomonas vaginalis</p>
<p>13. Which protozoon can spread by sexual contact?</p>
<p>Trichomonas vaginalis</p>
<p>14. Which protozoa can spread by the bite of sand fly?</p>
<p><b>Leish</b>mania sp.</p>
<p>15. What kind of disease can be caused by Leishmania sp.?</p>
Leishmaniosis:
<p>-Cutan</p><p>-mucocutan</p><p>-visceral</p>
<p>16. How can leishmaniosis diagnose?</p>
<p>Giemsa-staining of biopsied material</p>
<p>17. Treatment of leishmaniosis?</p>
<p><strong>stibo</strong>gluconate in combination with: g-IFN & <strong>ampho</strong>tericin-B</p>
<p>18. What are the causative agent of Human African <strong>Trypano</strong>somiasis (sleeping sickness)?</p>
<p>-Trypanosoma brucei <b>gambi</b>ense</p>
<p>-Trypanosoma brucei <b>Rhoden</b>siense</p>
<p>19. How can the sleeping sickness spread?</p>
<p>By the bite of "tsetse" fly</p>
<p>20. What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness?</p>
<p>-lethargy</p>
<p>-meningoencephalitis</p>
<p>-dementia</p>
<p>-somnolence</p>
<p>-coma</p>
<p>21. What is the treatment of sleeping sickness?</p>
<p>-<strong>Sur</strong>amin</p>
<p>-<strong>melar</strong>soprol</p>
<p>22. What is the causative agent of Chagas diseases?</p>
<p>Trypansoma cruzi</p>
<p>23. How can spread the Chagas disease?</p>
<p>By the faeces of the kissing bug, during the bite</p>
<p>24. What is the treatment of Chagas disease?</p>
<p>-Nifurtimox</p>
<p>-the chronic stage is untreatable</p>
25. What kind of diseases can be caused by Crypto.sporidium parvum?
watery diarrhoea | (1-2 week long)
26. What is the treatment of crypto.spor.idiosis?
Oral rehydration
27. What is the final host of Toxoplasma gondii?
CATS
28. In which population can Toxoplasma cause serious disease?
pregnant women and in immunocompromised
29. What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?
-Spiramycin
-pyrimethamine + sulphonamide
30. How can malaria spread?
-By the bite of Anopheles mosquito
-by transpalcental
-by transfusion
31. What are the symptoms of malaria (4 symptoms)?
1. periodic high fever
2. chills
3. head ache
4. arthralgia + myalgia
5. anaemia
6. hepatosplenomegaly
7. kidney failure
32. How can malaria diagnose?
blood:
-thick droplet
-thin film stained by Giemsa
-IF
-PCR
33. What is the treatment of malaria?
-chloroquine
-Mefloquine + Artemisin
-Hypnozoites by primaquine
34. Prevention of malaria by chemoprophylaxis?
-chloroquine
-mefloquine
-doxycycline
35. Prevention of malaria by vaccine?
-Available vaccine since: 2018
-against: Plasmodium falciparum
-vaccine content: fusion protein
36. How can Balantidium coli spread?
-By fruits, vegetable contaminated by pig manure
OR
-By faecal oral route
37. What are the symptoms of balanti.diasis?
-dysentery (with abdominal pain)
-tenesmus
38. Treatment of balantidiasis?
-Metronidazole
-Tetracycline
