Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mrts > B29-31 > Flashcards

B29-31 Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating agent used as immunosuppressive?

A

Cyclophosphamide

in organ transplantation and rheumatic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what about cyclophosphamide?

A
  • nitrogen mustard

- CCNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antimetabolite that is used in immunosupressive agent?

A

methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what about methotrexate?

A

antagonists of folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

methotrexate MOA?

A
  • inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

- interferes with nucleic acid and protein metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

methotrexate pharmacoKinetix?

A
  • Oral and I.V.
  • good tissue distribution (except CNS)
  • not metabolized,
  • clearance is dependent on renal function
  • Adequate hydration is needed to prevent crystallization in renal tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical uses of methotrexate as immunosupressive agent?

A
  • rheumatoid arthritis

- psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

drug used in Kidney, Liver and heart transplantation?

A

Mycophenolate Mofetil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil MOA

A
  • converted into mycophenolic acid –> inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase –> blocks GTP synthesis –> supresses both B and T lymphocyte activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil Clinical use?

A

kidney
Liver
heart transplantations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil Toxicity?

A

G.I disturbances

neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cytotoxic drug used in IBD, rheumatic diseases and organ transplantation?

A

Azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azathioprine MOA?

A

interferes with purine nucleic acid metabolism of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give example of disease modifying antirheumatoc drug?

A

leflunomide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leflunomide MOA?

A

Inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase –> inhibits pyrimidine synthesis –> interfere with the activity of T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leflunomide administration?

A

orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leflunomide clinical uses?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inhibitors of cytokine gene expression, 5-ASA derivatives?

A 
cyclosporin A	
tacrolimus	
sirolimus	
tofacitinib	
sulfasalazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Calcineurin and mTOR Inhibitors?

A

Cyclosporine
tacrolimus
sirolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cyclosporine A MOA?

A

binds to cyclophilin –> inhibits calcineurin –> inhibits the production of IL-2,3 IFN-g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tacrolimus MOA?

A

binds to FKBP –> inhibit calcineurin –> inhibits the production of IL-2,3 IFN-g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sirolimus MOA?

A

binds to FKBP –> inhibit the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) –> inhibits the T-cell proliferation response to IL-2

23
Q

Cyclosporine clinical use?

A
  • in solid organ transplantation
  • to prevent and treat graft-versus-host (GVH) disease in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • uveitis
  • psoriasis
  • asthma
  • type 1 diabetes
24
Q

Tacrolimus clinical use?

A
  • in solid organ transplantation
  • to prevent and treat graft-versus-host (GVH) disease in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • uveitis
  • psoriasis
  • asthma
  • type 1 diabetes

(same as cyclosporine)

25
Q

Sirolimus Clinical uses?

A

Sirolimus-eluting stents are used to prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty

26
Q

Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetix?

A
  • oral or intravenous
  • exhibits erratic bioavailability (serum lvls are routinely monitored)
  • slow hepatic metabolism by the cyt P450 system
  • long 1/2 life
27
Q

Tacrolimus administration?

A

oral or I.V.

28
Q

Sirolimus administration?

A

ONLY oral

29
Q

Cyclosporine Toxicity?

A
  • renal dysfunction
  • hypertension
  • neurotoxicity
30
Q

Tacrolimus Toxicity?

A
  • renal dysfunction
  • hypertension
  • neurotoxicity
31
Q

Sirolimus Toxicity?

A
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • hepatotoxicity
  • diarrhea
  • myelosuppression
32
Q

other drugs to know for topic immuno II

A

sulfasalazine
tofacitinib

(they are DMARDs)

33
Q

Antibodies and fusion proteins in immunopharmacology?

A 
ATG (antithymocyte-globulin)	rituximab	
infliximab	
adalimumab	
tocilizumab	
ustekinumab	
natalizumab	
dupilumab	
abatacept
34
Q

what is ATG?

A

AntiThymocyte Globulin

35
Q

ATG MOA?

A
  • bind to human T cells involved in antigen recognition –> initiate their destruction by serum complement
  • block cellular immunity –> suppress organ graft rejection
36
Q

ATG clinical use?

A
  • used before allogeneic stem cell transplantation to prevent graft-versus-host reaction
  • used in combination with other immunosuppressants for solid organ transplantation
37
Q

ATG toxicity?

A
  • hypersensitivity reactions:
    1. serum sickness
    2. anaphylaxis
  • Pain and erythema (injection sites)
  • lymphoma (late complication)
38
Q

what about rituximab?

A
  • DMARD

- monoclonal Ab that interfere with the activity of B lymphocytes

39
Q

Rituximab MOA

A

binds to a surface protein CD20 on B lymph. in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells then:

  • complement-mediated lysis
  • direct cytotoxicity
  • induction of apoptosis
40
Q

Rituximab use?

A
  • non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

- rheumatoid arthritis (with methotrexate)

41
Q

Rituximab toxicity?

A
  • anemia
  • neutropenia
  • hypotension
  • fever
42
Q

examples of MAbs that target TNF?

A

Infliximab

Adalimumab

43
Q

Infliximab MOA?

A

against TNF-α –> thereby decreases formation of interleukins and adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte activation

44
Q

Infliximab Clinical use?

A
  • in treatment-resistant Crohn’s disease
  • rheumatoid arthritis (with methotrexate)
  • ulcerative colitis
  • psoriatic arthritis
45
Q

Adalimumab MOA?

A

human IgG monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF-α

46
Q

Adalimumab Clinical use?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

47
Q

ustekinumab MOA?

A

Binds and neutralizes the biological activity of IL-12 & IL-23

48
Q

ustekinumab Clinical use?

A

Plaque psoriasis

49
Q

natalizumab MOA?

A
  • Anti-Integrins

- Humanized IgG4 binds to integrins on leukocytes (except neutrophils)

50
Q

Natalizumab Clinical use?

A

Drug resistant multiple sclerosis

Crohn’s disease

51
Q

What are the risks of using Natalizumab?

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

52
Q

dupilumab

A

u can skip it. its not in the book

53
Q

Abatacept MOA?

A

blocks T-cell activation by interfering with the interaction of T-cell CD28 to APC

54
Q

Abatacept Clinical use?

A

severe rheumatoid arthritis

mrts (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions