C18 Flashcards

1
Q

MISCELLANEOUS ANTIMICROBIAL

AGENTS?

A

Metronidazole
Fidaxomicin
Rifaximin

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2
Q

Metronidazole MOA?

A
  • undergoes a reductive bioactivation of their nitro group by ferredoxin (present in anaerobic parasites) to form reactive cytotoxic products that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis
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3
Q

Metronidazole PharmacoKinetix?

A
  • bioavailability: effective orally
  • Distribution: to most tissues (also CNS)
  • can also be given intravenously
  • available in topical formulations
  • Elimination: hepatic metabolism
  • dosage reduction may be needed in patients with liver dysfunction
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4
Q

MEtronidazole Clinical use?

A

AntiBacterial:
- greatest activity against Bacteroides and Clostridium

  • against pseudomembranous colitis
  • effective in anaerobic or mixed intra-abdominal infections and in brain abscess
  • used in the regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcers

AntiProtozoal:

  • trichomoniasis
  • giardiasis
  • intestinal amebiasis
  • amebic hepatic abscess
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5
Q

Metronidazole toxicity?

A
  • gastrointestinal irritation
  • headache
  • leukopenia
  • Opportunistic fungal infections may occur during treatment
  • Drug interactions: potentiation of coumarin anticoagulant effects
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6
Q

Fidaxomicinn MOA?

A
  • narrow-spectrum
  • antibiotic that is active against G+ aerobes and anaerobes
  • inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
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7
Q

Fidaxomycin Clinical uses and toxicity?

A
  • used for C difficile infection in adults

- Toxicity is negligible due to limited absorptio

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8
Q

Rifaximin MOA?

A
  • derivative of rifampin
  • it is active against G+ and G- aerobes and anaerobes
  • inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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9
Q

Rifaximin Clinical use?

A
  • management of hepatic encephalopathy
  • irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
  • adjunct in cases of refractory C difficile infection in adults
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10
Q

Rifaximin Toxicity?

A

negligible due to limited absorption

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