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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > PROTOZOANS (Gen. Char. & Amoeba) > Flashcards

PROTOZOANS (Gen. Char. & Amoeba) Flashcards

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1
Q

General characteristics of protozoans:

A
  • Eukaryote
  • Unicellular with Ectoplasm and Endoplasm
  • Motile
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2
Q

Thread-like, long whip-like structure arising from the surface of the cell

A

Flagella

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3
Q

SHorter, needle-like/hair-like structures; found all throughout the cell

A

Cilia

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4
Q

False-feet; temporary cytoplasmic extensions

A

Pseudopods/ pseudopodia

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5
Q

Flexible sheet material that joins the flagella to the surface of the cell

A

Undulating membrane

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6
Q

Consist of polar rings, subpellicular tubules, conoid, rhoptries and micronemes; for penetration and invasion of the target cell:

A

Apical complex

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7
Q

Cyst-to-trophozoite =

A

Excystation

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8
Q

Trophozoite-to-cyst =

A

Encystation

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9
Q

Active but not resistant

A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst

A

A. Trophozoite

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10
Q

Non-vegetative and non-reproductive

A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst

A

B. Cyst

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11
Q

Which is motile?

A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst

A

A. Trophozite

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12
Q

The only pathogenic intestinal amoeba:

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

“Small race Entamoeba histolytica”

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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14
Q

“Largest Entamoeba”

A

Entamoeba coli

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15
Q

Entamoeba that is found inside the oral cavity

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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16
Q

“Smallest intestinal protozoa”
“Dwarf intestinal slug”

A

Endolimax nana

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17
Q

Nucleus:
PC: Fine, uniform, beaded appearance
K: Small, central, “Bull’s eye appearance”

Cytoplasm:
Finely granular, ground glass appearance (clean looking)
RBCs ingested

A

Entamoeba histolytica/dispar

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18
Q

Nucleus:
PC: Fine, uniform, beaded appearance
K: Small, Eccentric

Cytoplasm:
No RBC ingested

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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19
Q

Nucleus:
PC: Unevenly distributed PC; Dark, solid ring
K: Large, Eccentric

Cytoplasm:
Coarsely granular vacuolated (Dirty looking)

A

Entamoeba coli

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20
Q

Nucleus:
PC: Closely packed, finely granular
K: small, well-defined, central

Cytoplasm:
Finely granular vacuolated
Ingested Epithelial cells, WBCs

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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21
Q

Nucleus:
PC: None
K: Large, irregular, blot-like, central

Cytoplasm:
granular, vacuolated

A

Endolimax nana

22
Q

Nucleus:
PC: None
K: Large, central, surrounded by refractile achromatic granules (Achromatic granules surround the karyosome)

Cytoplasm:
Coarsely granular, heavily vacuolated

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

23
Q

Amoeba species that has no cyst stage:

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

24
Q

1-8 nucleus
PC: Coarse granular, irregular
K: Large, Eccentric

Cytoplasm:
CB: With pointed ends (Splinter-like, broomstick, jagged ends)

A

Entamoeba coli

25
Q

1-4 nucleus

Cytoplasm:
CB: Elongated bar with blunt rounded ends (bar-like, rice grain)

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

26
Q

1-4 nucleus
PC: Fine, uniform
K: Small, central

Cytoplasm:
CB: Elongated bars with blunt rounded ends (Cigar-shaped, sausage-shaped, rod-like)

A

Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar

27
Q

1-4 nucleus (cross-eyed cyst, “button hole”)
PC: None
K: Large, blot-like, central

Cytoplasm:
CB: None
Granules or small oval masses

A

Endolimax nana

28
Q

1 nucleus “basket-shaped”, “basket of flowers”
PC: None
K: large, eccentric, with refractile achromatic granules (periendosome)

Cytoplasm;
Glycogen: Compact, well-defined (Dark brown in Iodine prep) Large glycogen vacuole

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

29
Q

Swine amoeba, cyst is uninucleated, in pigs and monkeys:

A

Entamoeba polecki

30
Q

Amoebas that are uninucleated:

A
  1. Iodamoeba butschlii
  2. Entamoeba polecki
31
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Infective stage: Cyst
Diagnostic stage:
- Stool (watery) = Trophozoite
- Stool (formed) = Cyst
- Extraintestinal = Trophozoite

32
Q

Ulcer shape of Entamoeba histolytica amoebic dysenteric colitis:

A

Flask-shaped ulcer

33
Q

E. histolytica extraintestinal infection
Hepatic amoebiasis abscess:

A

Anchovy sauce abscess

34
Q

E. histolytica extraintestinal infection
Pulmonary amoebiasis abscess:

A

Anchovy sauce-like sputum

35
Q

Gold standard for the diagnosis of E. histolytica amoebiasis:

A

Concentration technique

36
Q

Stains for identification of E. histolytica:

A
  • Lugol’s iodine (Cyst)
  • Quensel’s methylene blue (Trophozoite)
37
Q

Naegleria fowleri
Infective stage;
Diagnostic stage:

A

Naegleri fowleri
Infective stage: Trophozite
Diagnostic stage: Trophozoite

38
Q

POE and MOT of Naegleri fowleri:

A

POE: Nasal mucous membrane
MOT: Swimming through brackish or fresh water

39
Q

Disease caused by N. fowleri:

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

40
Q

Stain used for N. fowleri:

A

Acridine orange

41
Q

Culture media used for N. fowleri:

A

Bacteria-seeded agar (BSA)
(Gram-negative bacilli)

42
Q

Characteristic effect observed in BSA for the diagnosis of N. fowleri:

A

TRAILING EFFECT

43
Q

Non-pathogenic Naegleria:

A

Naegleria gruberi

44
Q

Difference of N. gruberi to N. fowleri

A

Culture in BSA:
N.fowleri = growth inhibited by 0.2% NaCl & KCl
N. gruberi = (+) growth even with NaCL & KCl

Lyophilization for 6 months:
N. fowleri = Non-viable
N. gruberi = Viable

45
Q

Acanthamoeba species
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Acanthamoeba species
Infective stage: Trophozoite
Diagnostic stage: Trophozoite & Cyst

46
Q

Sucker-like structure for phagocytosis present in N. fowleri:

A

Amoebastomes

47
Q

POE & MOT of Acanthamoeba species:

A

POE: Eyes
MOT:
- through traumatic contact
- contaminated contact lens solution
- Swimming in stagnant water

48
Q

Motility of Acanthamoeba species:

A

Sluggish, polydirectional movement

49
Q

Diseases caused by Acanthamoeba species:

A

Immunocompromised patients:
- Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Immunocompetent patients:
- Corneal ulcer/keratitis

50
Q

Diagnosis for Acanthamoeba species infection:

A

Culture:
- Protease-peptone extract, Yeast, Glucose, Cysteine (PYGC)
- Bacteria-seeded agar (BSA); Escherichia coli

  • Corneal scrapings stained with calcofluor white

Indirect immunofluorescent Antibody - TECHNIQUE OF CHOICE

51
Q

Was formerly classified as yeast; now a protozoan

A

Blastocystis hominis

52
Q

Culture media for B. hominis:

A

Boeck/Drbohlav’s, Nelson & Jones
(Optimal growth: at 37C in the presence of bacteria)

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (16 decks)

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