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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > PROTOZOANS (Flagellates) > Flashcards

PROTOZOANS (Flagellates) Flashcards

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1
Q

Trophozoite morphology:
- Pear-shaped
- Motility: “falling leaf”
- Nuclei 2” “old man with glasses”, “Monket face”
- Flagella: 4 lateral pairs (2 ventral, 2 dorsal)
- Sucking disc
- Variant specific surface proteins

Cyst morphology:
Cytoplasm often retracted from cyst wall (especially in preserved in formalin)
“Halo effect”

A

Giardia lamblia/ intestinalis/ duodenale

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2
Q

Diseases caused by. G. lamblia/ intestinalis/ duodenale:

A
  • Gay bowel syndrome
  • Leningrad’s curse (traveler’s diarrhea)
  • Backpacker’s diarrhea
  • Beaver fever
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3
Q

Transmission of G. lamblia/ intestinalis/ duodenale:

A
  • Fecal-oral
  • Sexual
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4
Q

Diagnostic test(s) for G. lamblia/ intestinalis/ duodenale:

A
  • Direct Fluorescent Ab - Most sensitive & specific
  • Enterotest (String test)
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5
Q

Trophozoite morphology:
- prominent cystostome
- Shepherd’s crook
- Spiral groove
- Rotary motility

Cyst morphology:
- Lemon-shaped with anterior, hyaline knob (nipple-like)

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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6
Q

Disease caused by Chilomastix mesnili:

A

Commensal - considered as non-pathogenic

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7
Q

Trophozoite morphology:
- Amoeboid, “stellate” appearance
- Nuclei: 2, with 4-8 karyosome each
- Hakansson phenomenon: explosive disintegration in water
- Formerly classified as amoeba

NO CYST STAGE

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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8
Q

Disease caused by D. fragilis:

A

Concomitant with pinworm infections or Ascaris infection

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9
Q

Diagnostic stage of Dientamoeba fragilis:

A

Binucleatte trophozoite

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10
Q

In diagnosing Dientamoeba fragilis infection, consider:

A
  • fresh stool/ purged stool
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11
Q

Trophozoite morphology:
- Undulating membrane: extends length of the body
- Characteristic wobbly movement

NO CYST STAGE

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

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12
Q

Trophozoite morphology:
- Undulating membrane: extends 1/2 length of the body
- Rapid, JERKY MOTILITY
- Siderophil granules

NO CYST STAGE

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

Disease caused bt T. vaginalis:

A

Strawberry cervix
Ping-pong infection

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14
Q

Medium used for diagnosing T. vaginalis infection:

A

Diamond’s medium

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15
Q

Developmental stages of Blood flagellates:

A
  1. Amastigote
  2. Promastigote
  3. Epimastigote
  4. Trypomastigote
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16
Q

Vector of Leishmania species:

A

Sandflies (phlebotomus)

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17
Q

Leishmania species that inhabits Cutaneous/Tissue juice
and causes Cutaneous leishmaniasis:

A
  • L. tropica
  • L. major
  • L. mexicana
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18
Q

Leishmania species that inhabits Mucocutaneous/Tissue juice and causes Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis:

A
  • L. braziliensis
19
Q

Leishmania species that inhabits Visceral blood and causes Visceral leishmaniasis:

A
  • L. donovani
  • L chagasi
  • l. infantum
20
Q

STAGES present in Leishmania species:

A
  • Amastigote
  • Promastigote
21
Q

Leishmania species
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Leishmania species
Infective stage: Amastigote
Diagnostic stage: Promastigote

22
Q

Culture used for Leishmania species:

A

Novy-Macneal-Nicolle medium

23
Q

(+) Montenegro skin test/ Leishmanin test:

A

(+) induration

24
Q

Tests for Visceral leishmaniasis:

A
  1. Aldehyde test for Napier (formol gel test)
  2. Antimony test of Chopra
25
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense;

A

Game-attacking Glossina spps (tsetse fly)

26
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense:

A

Riverine Glossina spps (tsetse fly)

27
Q

Disease caused by T. brucei rhodesiense:

A
  • Acute African or East African Trypanosomiasis (more severe)
  • Sleeping sickness = Nagana’s disease
28
Q

Disease caused by T. brucei gambiense:

A
  • Chronic African or West African Trypanosomiasis
    -Sleeping sickness = Nagana’s disease
29
Q

Stages present in T. brucei rhodesiense and gambiense:

A
  • Epimastigote
  • Trypomastogote
30
Q

T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense
Infective stage: Trypomastigote
Diagnostic stage: Metacyclic trypomastigote

31
Q

T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense infective forms are passed in:

A

Saliva (salivarian)

32
Q

Important pathogenesis of T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense

1st stage = ?

A

1st stage = Skin lesions

33
Q

Important pathogenesis of T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense

2nd stage =

A

2nd stage = Entrance into blood and lymph, liver, spleen, bone marrow “Winterbottom’s sign” (swollen lymph node

34
Q

Important pathogenesis of T. brucei rhodesiense & gambiense

3rd stage =

A

3rd stage = CNS involvement, Somnolence (excessive sleepiness), Kerandel’s sign (delayed pain on compression of soft tissue)

35
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi:

A
  • Reduvid bug/ cone-nosed bugs/ kissing bugs/ assassin bugs
  • Triatioma infestans
  • Panstrongylus megistus
  • Rhodnius prolixus
36
Q

Vector pf T. cruzi seen in the Philippines:

A
  • Triatoma rubrofasciata
37
Q

Diseases caused by Trypanosoma cruzi:

A
  • South American Trypanosomiasis
  • Chagas disease
38
Q

Stages present in Trypanosoma cruzi:

A
  • Amastigote
  • Promastigote
  • Epimastigote
  • Trypomastigote
39
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Trypanosoma cruzi
Infective stage: Metacyclic trypomastigote
Diagnostic stage:
- Blood: Trypomastigote
- Tissue: Amastigote

40
Q

Culture used in diagnosing T. cruzi infection:

A
  • Chang’s medium
  • Novy-Macneal-Nicolle medium
41
Q

Stages obtained/observed in Xenodiagnosis of T. cruzi:

A
  • Epimastigote
  • Trypomastigote
42
Q

Important pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection:

A

Acute: Anemia
Chronic: Heart is primarily affected. May also cause achalasia and megacolon
Manifestations: Chagoma (swelling)

ROMAÑA’S SIGN (swelling of the eyelid)

43
Q

Stercorarian trypanosoma:

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

44
Q

Salivarian trypanosma:

A

T. b. rhodesiense
T. b. gambiense

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (16 decks)

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