METAZOANS (Roundworms or Nematodes) Flashcards by Janus Palermo

Class Adenophoerea (Aphasmids) roundworm species:

Trichuris trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis
Capillaria hepatica
Trichinella spiralis

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Other name of T. trichiura:

“Whipworm”

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Other name of C. philippinensis:

“Pudoc worm”

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Other name of Capillaria hepatica:

“Capillary liver worm”

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Other name of Trichinella spiralis:

“Trichina spiralis”

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Ova = Lemon-shaped, barrel-shaped, Japanese lantern; with bipolar hyaline plugs:

T. trichiura ova

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Ova = Peanut-shaped/ guitar-shaped, with flattened bipolar plugs:

Capillaria philippinensis

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Ova = Lemon-shaped; outer shell; pitted like a golf ball appearance

Capillaria hepatica

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Ova/egg: none
Larva: spear-like tip

Trichinella spiralis

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Trichiuris trichiura
IS:
DS:
IH:
Habitat:

Trichiuris trichiura
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Unembryonated egg
IH: None
Habitat: LARGE INTESTINE

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Capillaria philippinensis
IS:
DS:
IH:

Capillaria philippinensis
IS: Larva in fish
DS: Unembryonated egg
IH: Fish

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Capillaria hepatica
IS:
DS:

Capillaria hepatica
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Egg in liver biopsy

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Trichinella spiralis
IS:
DS:
IH:

Trichinella spiralis
IS: Encysted larva
DS: Encysted larva (in muscles)
IH: Pig

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Diagnostic prodecure for C. hepatica:

Liver biopsy

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Diagnostic procedure for T. spiralis:

Muscle biopsy
Beck’s xenodiagnoses - using albino rats
Bachman intradermal test

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How does C. philippinensis cause autoinfection

Because of the larviparous nature of C. philippinensis; internal autoinfection

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Giant intestinal round worm; Largest intestinal nematode;

Ascaris lumbricoides

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Enterobius vermicularis is also known as:

“pinworm”, “seatworm”

Old name: Oxyuris vermicularis

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Egg stage of A. lumbricoides; Golden brown, thick shelled. 3 layers:

Fertilized ova

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Egg stage of A. lumbricoides; longer and narrower, no glycogen membrane

Unfertilized ova

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Shape of E. vermicularis ova:

D-shaped

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Ascaris lumbricoides
IS:
DS:
Habitat:

Ascaris lumbricoides
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Unembryonated egg
Habitat: Small intestine

note: Heart-to-Lung migration

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Enterobius vermicularis
IS:
DS:

Enterobius vermicularis
IS: Mature/ Embryonated egg
DS: Mature/ Embryonated egg

Note: can cause AUTOINFECTION

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Diagnosis for E. vermicularis:

Perianal swab (Graham’s scotch tape method)

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Graham's scotch tape method is best done:

Early in the morning before the patient bathes or defecating

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati IS: DS:

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati IS: Embryonated egg DS: Larva (affected tissue)

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati causes:

- Visceral larva migrans - Infection of visceral organs - Ocular larva migrans - eye infection

Dioctophyma renale is also known as:

"Giant kidney worm"

Necator americanus is also known as:

New world hookworm

Ancylostoma duodenale is also known as:

Old world hookworm

Other name Ancylostoma caninum: Ancylostoma braziliense:

Ancylostoma caninum: Dog hookworm Ancylostoma braziliense: Cat hookworm

Identify: Buccal capsule: 1 pair of semilunar cutting plates Copulatory bursa: Longer than broad Dorsal rays - deep cleft and tips bipartite 2 spicules - Fused and barbed

Necator americanus

Identify: Buccal capsule: 2 ventral pairs of FUSED teeth Copulatory bursa: Short and broad Dorsal rays - shallow cleft and tips tripartite 2 spicules - unfused and NOT barbed

Ancylostoma duodenale

Identify: Buccal capsule: 3 ventral pairs of fused teeth Copulatory bursa: Large, flame-shaped Rays - long and slender

Ancylostoma caninum

Identify: Buccal capsule: 2 ventral pairs of UNFUSED teeth Copulatory bursa: As broad as long Rays - stunted

Ancylostoma braziliense

N. americanus/ A. duodenale IS: DS: Habitat:

N. americanus/ A. duodenale IS: Filariform larvae DS: Unembryonated egg in stool Habitat: Small intestine **Heart-to-Lung migration

A. caninum/ A. braziliense IS and DS:

Ectoparasite (skin only)

MOT of N. americanus & A. duodenale:

Skin penetration A. duodenale: Skin penetration & ingestion of larva

Hookworm spp that causes Wakana syndrome due to ingestion of larva

Ancylostoma duodenale

Diseases caused by N. americanus:

Larval penitration: - dermatitis lesion (ground itch, dew itch, coolie itch) Larval migration: pneumonitis + eosinophilia (Loeffler's syndrome) Heavy infection: - ANEMIA (microcytic hypochromic) - Hypoalbuminemia

Disease caused by A. duodenale:

Same as N. americanus ** "wakana's syndrome" - due to ingestion of larva, nausea, vomiting, pharyngeal irritation, cough, dyspnea

Diagnostic procedure for HOOKWORMS:

- Direct microscopy (DFS, KATO) - Kato-Katz method (egg-counting method) - Coproculture ---> Baermann technique - Harada-Mori technique (test-tube culture method)

Also known "Threadworm"

Strongyloides stercoralis

True or False threadworm can exist as both a free-living organism or a parasite thriving inside a host. Free-living existence: both male and female present Parasitic existence: only male adult

False In parasitic existence, ONLY FEMALE ADULGT is present

Can Strongyloides stercoralis undergo heart-to-lung migration?

YES part of ASH mnemonic, heart-to-lung migration -Ascaris -Strongyloides -Hookworm

Strongyloides stercoralis IS: DS:

Strongyloides stercoralis IS: Filariform larva DS: Rhabditiform larva (stool)

MOT of S. stercoralis:

Skin penetration of filariform larva

In Harada-mori, Strongyloides stercoralis:

Moves UPWARDS instead of downwards like most filariform larva

Difference of rhabditiform larvae of Hookworm and S. stercoralis:

Rhabditiform larvae Hookworm: - LONG BUCCAL CAVITY - SMALL genital primordium Strongyloides: - SHORT BUCCAL CAVITY - PROMINENT/LARGE genital primordium

Difference of filariform larvae of Hookworm and S. stercoralis:

Filariform larvae Hookworm: - SHORT ESOPHAGUS - POINTED TAIL Strongloides; - LONG ESOPHAGUS - NOTCHED TAIL

Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti:

Mosquito (Anopheles, Culex, Aedes)

Vector of Brugia malayi:

Mosquito (Mansonia)

Also known as African eye worm:

Loa loa

Which Filaria causes Upper Elephantiasis with chylocoele/hydrocoele & chyluria

Wuchereria bancrofti

Which Filaria causes Lower Elephantiasis without chyluria

Brugia malayi

Which Filaria causes blinding filariasis, river blindness

Onchocerca volvulus

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus

Black fly/ Buffalo knot

Vector of Loa loa

Mango/ Deer/ Tabanid fly (Chrysops)

Vector of Mansonella spp:

Biting midges (Culicoides)

Filaria that causes Ugandan Eye Worm, Calabar-like swelling, Kampala:

Mansonella perstans

Filaria that inhabits the lymnphatics:

- Wuchereria bancrofti - Brugia malayi

Filaria that inhabits the subcutaneous tissue:

- Loa loa - Onchocerca volvulus

Filariae Tail free of nuclei (without nuclei):

1. Wuchereria bancrofti 2. Onchocerca volvulus 3. Mansonella ozzardi

Filariae tail with nuclei:

1. Brugiya malayi 2. Loa loa 3. Mansonella perstans 4. Mansonella streptocerca

Filariae tail that is sheathed:

1. Wuchereria bancrofti 2. Brugia malayi 3. Loa loa

Filaria tail that is sheathed and free from nuclei

Wuchereria bancrofti

Filaria tail that is sheathed and has two (2) nucleus at tip of tail

Brugia malayi

Filaria tail that is sheathed and continuous row of posterior nuclei

Loa loa

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and free of nuclei

- Onchocerca volvulus - Mansonella ozzardi

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and nuclei in tip of tail

Mansonella perstans

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and nuclei extends to tip

Mansonella streptocerca

Filaria that requires skin nips for diagnosis:

- Onchocerca volvulus - Mansonella streptocerca

Filaria that requires Blood specimen for diagnosis:

- Wuchereria bancrofti - Brugia malayi - Loa loa - Mansonella perstans - Mansonella ozzardi

FIlaria that requires blood, csf, urine and sputum for diagnosis:

Loa loa

Filaria that requires the method Mazzoti test:

- Onchocerca volvulus - Mansonella streptocerca **The filariae that requires skin nips for diagnosis

To collect blood even at day time for the diagnosis of nocturnal filaria (W. bancrofti & B. malayi), use:

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Also known as the "Guinea worm", "Serpent worm", "Dragon worm", "Medina worm", "Fiery Serpent of Israelites"

Dracunculus medinensis

Dracunculus medinensis IS: DS: MOT: IH:

Dracunculus medinensis IS: Larva DS: Worm, Larva MOT: Ingestion of contaminated water IH: Cyclops (copepods, "water fleas")

Also known as "Rat lung worm"

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

The uterine tubules of female worm (A. cantonensis) has "__________" appearance

"Barber's pole appearance"

Also known as "Herring's worm"

Anisakis

Also known as "Dog heartworm"

Dirofilaria immitis

METAZOANS (Roundworms or Nematodes) Flashcards

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