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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > METAZOANS (Roundworms or Nematodes) > Flashcards

METAZOANS (Roundworms or Nematodes) Flashcards

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1
Q

Class Adenophoerea (Aphasmids) roundworm species:

A
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Capillaria philippinensis
  • Capillaria hepatica
  • Trichinella spiralis
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2
Q

Other name of T. trichiura:

A

“Whipworm”

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3
Q

Other name of C. philippinensis:

A

“Pudoc worm”

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4
Q

Other name of Capillaria hepatica:

A

“Capillary liver worm”

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5
Q

Other name of Trichinella spiralis:

A

“Trichina spiralis”

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6
Q

Ova = Lemon-shaped, barrel-shaped, Japanese lantern; with bipolar hyaline plugs:

A

T. trichiura ova

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7
Q

Ova = Peanut-shaped/ guitar-shaped, with flattened bipolar plugs:

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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8
Q

Ova = Lemon-shaped; outer shell; pitted like a golf ball appearance

A

Capillaria hepatica

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9
Q

Ova/egg: none
Larva: spear-like tip

A

Trichinella spiralis

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10
Q

Trichiuris trichiura
IS:
DS:
IH:
Habitat:

A

Trichiuris trichiura
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Unembryonated egg
IH: None
Habitat: LARGE INTESTINE

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11
Q

Capillaria philippinensis
IS:
DS:
IH:

A

Capillaria philippinensis
IS: Larva in fish
DS: Unembryonated egg
IH: Fish

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12
Q

Capillaria hepatica
IS:
DS:

A

Capillaria hepatica
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Egg in liver biopsy

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13
Q

Trichinella spiralis
IS:
DS:
IH:

A

Trichinella spiralis
IS: Encysted larva
DS: Encysted larva (in muscles)
IH: Pig

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14
Q

Diagnostic prodecure for C. hepatica:

A

Liver biopsy

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15
Q

Diagnostic procedure for T. spiralis:

A
  • Muscle biopsy
  • Beck’s xenodiagnoses - using albino rats
  • Bachman intradermal test
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16
Q

How does C. philippinensis cause autoinfection

A

Because of the larviparous nature of C. philippinensis; internal autoinfection

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17
Q

Giant intestinal round worm; Largest intestinal nematode;

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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18
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is also known as:

A

“pinworm”, “seatworm”

Old name: Oxyuris vermicularis

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19
Q

Egg stage of A. lumbricoides; Golden brown, thick shelled. 3 layers:

A

Fertilized ova

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20
Q

Egg stage of A. lumbricoides; longer and narrower, no glycogen membrane

A

Unfertilized ova

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21
Q

Shape of E. vermicularis ova:

A

D-shaped

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22
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
IS:
DS:
Habitat:

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Unembryonated egg
Habitat: Small intestine

note: Heart-to-Lung migration

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23
Q

Enterobius vermicularis
IS:
DS:

A

Enterobius vermicularis
IS: Mature/ Embryonated egg
DS: Mature/ Embryonated egg

Note: can cause AUTOINFECTION

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24
Q

Diagnosis for E. vermicularis:

A

Perianal swab (Graham’s scotch tape method)

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25
Q

Graham’s scotch tape method is best done:

A

Early in the morning before the patient bathes or defecating

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26
Q

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati
IS:
DS:

A

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati
IS: Embryonated egg
DS: Larva (affected tissue)

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27
Q

Toxocara canis/ Toxocara cati causes:

A
  • Visceral larva migrans - Infection of visceral organs
  • Ocular larva migrans - eye infection
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28
Q

Dioctophyma renale is also known as:

A

“Giant kidney worm”

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29
Q

Necator americanus is also known as:

A

New world hookworm

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30
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale is also known as:

A

Old world hookworm

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31
Q

Other name
Ancylostoma caninum:
Ancylostoma braziliense:

A

Ancylostoma caninum: Dog hookworm
Ancylostoma braziliense: Cat hookworm

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32
Q

Identify:
Buccal capsule: 1 pair of semilunar cutting plates
Copulatory bursa: Longer than broad
Dorsal rays - deep cleft and tips bipartite
2 spicules - Fused and barbed

A

Necator americanus

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33
Q

Identify:
Buccal capsule: 2 ventral pairs of FUSED teeth
Copulatory bursa: Short and broad
Dorsal rays - shallow cleft and tips tripartite
2 spicules - unfused and NOT barbed

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

34
Q

Identify:
Buccal capsule: 3 ventral pairs of fused teeth
Copulatory bursa: Large, flame-shaped
Rays - long and slender

A

Ancylostoma caninum

35
Q

Identify:
Buccal capsule: 2 ventral pairs of UNFUSED teeth
Copulatory bursa: As broad as long
Rays - stunted

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

36
Q

N. americanus/ A. duodenale
IS:
DS:
Habitat:

A

N. americanus/ A. duodenale
IS: Filariform larvae
DS: Unembryonated egg in stool
Habitat: Small intestine

**Heart-to-Lung migration

37
Q

A. caninum/ A. braziliense IS and DS:

A

Ectoparasite (skin only)

38
Q

MOT of N. americanus & A. duodenale:

A

Skin penetration

A. duodenale: Skin penetration & ingestion of larva

39
Q

Hookworm spp that causes Wakana syndrome due to ingestion of larva

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

40
Q

Diseases caused by N. americanus:

A

Larval penitration:
- dermatitis lesion (ground itch, dew itch, coolie itch)

Larval migration: pneumonitis + eosinophilia (Loeffler’s syndrome)

Heavy infection:
- ANEMIA (microcytic hypochromic)
- Hypoalbuminemia

41
Q

Disease caused by A. duodenale:

A

Same as N. americanus

** “wakana’s syndrome” - due to ingestion of larva, nausea, vomiting, pharyngeal irritation, cough, dyspnea

42
Q

Diagnostic procedure for HOOKWORMS:

A
  • Direct microscopy (DFS, KATO)
  • Kato-Katz method (egg-counting method)
  • Coproculture —> Baermann technique
  • Harada-Mori technique (test-tube culture method)
43
Q

Also known “Threadworm”

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

44
Q

True or False

threadworm can exist as both a free-living organism or a parasite thriving inside a host.
Free-living existence: both male and female present
Parasitic existence: only male adult

A

False

In parasitic existence, ONLY FEMALE ADULGT is present

45
Q

Can Strongyloides stercoralis undergo heart-to-lung migration?

A

YES

part of ASH mnemonic, heart-to-lung migration
-Ascaris
-Strongyloides
-Hookworm

46
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
IS:
DS:

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
IS: Filariform larva
DS: Rhabditiform larva (stool)

47
Q

MOT of S. stercoralis:

A

Skin penetration of filariform larva

48
Q

In Harada-mori, Strongyloides stercoralis:

A

Moves UPWARDS instead of downwards like most filariform larva

49
Q

Difference of rhabditiform larvae of Hookworm and S. stercoralis:

A

Rhabditiform larvae

Hookworm:
- LONG BUCCAL CAVITY
- SMALL genital primordium

Strongyloides:
- SHORT BUCCAL CAVITY
- PROMINENT/LARGE genital primordium

50
Q

Difference of filariform larvae of Hookworm and S. stercoralis:

A

Filariform larvae

Hookworm:
- SHORT ESOPHAGUS
- POINTED TAIL

Strongloides;
- LONG ESOPHAGUS
- NOTCHED TAIL

51
Q

Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti:

A

Mosquito (Anopheles, Culex, Aedes)

52
Q

Vector of Brugia malayi:

A

Mosquito (Mansonia)

53
Q

Also known as African eye worm:

A

Loa loa

54
Q

Which Filaria causes Upper Elephantiasis with chylocoele/hydrocoele & chyluria

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

55
Q

Which Filaria causes Lower Elephantiasis without chyluria

A

Brugia malayi

56
Q

Which Filaria causes blinding filariasis, river blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

57
Q

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Black fly/ Buffalo knot

58
Q

Vector of Loa loa

A

Mango/ Deer/ Tabanid fly (Chrysops)

59
Q

Vector of Mansonella spp:

A

Biting midges (Culicoides)

60
Q

Filaria that causes Ugandan Eye Worm, Calabar-like swelling, Kampala:

A

Mansonella perstans

61
Q

Filaria that inhabits the lymnphatics:

A
  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Brugia malayi
62
Q

Filaria that inhabits the subcutaneous tissue:

A
  • Loa loa
  • Onchocerca volvulus
63
Q

Filariae Tail free of nuclei (without nuclei):

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Onchocerca volvulus
  3. Mansonella ozzardi
64
Q

Filariae tail with nuclei:

A
  1. Brugiya malayi
  2. Loa loa
  3. Mansonella perstans
  4. Mansonella streptocerca
65
Q

Filariae tail that is sheathed:

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
  3. Loa loa
66
Q

Filaria tail that is sheathed and free from nuclei

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

67
Q

Filaria tail that is sheathed and has two (2) nucleus at tip of tail

A

Brugia malayi

68
Q

Filaria tail that is sheathed and continuous row of posterior nuclei

A

Loa loa

69
Q

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and free of nuclei

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Mansonella ozzardi
70
Q

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and nuclei in tip of tail

A

Mansonella perstans

71
Q

Filaria tail that is unsheathed and nuclei extends to tip

A

Mansonella streptocerca

72
Q

Filaria that requires skin nips for diagnosis:

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Mansonella streptocerca
73
Q

Filaria that requires Blood specimen for diagnosis:

A
  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Brugia malayi
  • Loa loa
  • Mansonella perstans
  • Mansonella ozzardi
74
Q

FIlaria that requires blood, csf, urine and sputum for diagnosis:

A

Loa loa

75
Q

Filaria that requires the method Mazzoti test:

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Mansonella streptocerca

**The filariae that requires skin nips for diagnosis

76
Q

To collect blood even at day time for the diagnosis of nocturnal filaria (W. bancrofti & B. malayi), use:

A

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

77
Q

Also known as the “Guinea worm”, “Serpent worm”, “Dragon worm”, “Medina worm”, “Fiery Serpent of Israelites”

A

Dracunculus medinensis

78
Q

Dracunculus medinensis
IS:
DS:
MOT:
IH:

A

Dracunculus medinensis
IS: Larva
DS: Worm, Larva
MOT: Ingestion of contaminated water
IH: Cyclops (copepods, “water fleas”)

79
Q

Also known as “Rat lung worm”

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

80
Q

The uterine tubules of female worm (A. cantonensis) has “__________” appearance

A

“Barber’s pole appearance”

81
Q

Also known as “Herring’s worm”

A

Anisakis

82
Q

Also known as “Dog heartworm”

A

Dirofilaria immitis

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (16 decks)

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