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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > PROTOZOAN (Coccidia) > Flashcards

PROTOZOAN (Coccidia) Flashcards

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1
Q

Alternation of generation occurs in the same host:

A

Monoxenous

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2
Q

Alternation of generation occurs in different hosts:

A

Heteroxenous

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3
Q

Plasmodium species
Intermediate host:
Definitive host:

A

Plasmodium species
Intermediate host: Humans
Definitive host: Mosquito

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4
Q

Plasmodium species
Sexual stage:
Asexual stage:

A

Plasmodium species
Sexual stage: Mosquito
Asexual stage: Humans

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5
Q

Malaria type of P. falciparum:

A

Malignant tertian malaria
- Blackwater fever

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6
Q

Malaria type of P. vivax:

A

Benign tertian malaria

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7
Q

Malaria type of P. malariae:

A

Quartan malaria

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8
Q

Malaria type of P. ovale:

A

Tertian malaria

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9
Q

Malaria type of P. knowlesi:

A

Quotidian malaria

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10
Q

Plasmodium species that has TRUE RELAPS:

A
  • P. vivax
  • P. ovale
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11
Q

Plasmodium species that infect young/immature RBCs:

A
  • P. vivax
  • P. ovale
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12
Q

Plasmodium species that infect old/senescent RBCs:

A

P. malariae

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13
Q

Plasmodium species that infect all ages of RBCs:

A
  • P. falciparum
  • P. knowlesi
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14
Q

Inclusion/stippling present in. P. falciparum:

A

Maurer’s

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15
Q

Inclusion/stippling present in. P. vivax:

A

Shuffner’s

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16
Q

Inclusion/stippling present in. P. malariae:

A

Ziemann’s

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17
Q

Inclusion/stippling present in. P. ovale:

A

Jame’s/Shuffner’s

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18
Q

Inclusion/stippling present in. P. knowlesi:

A

Stinton and Mulligan’s

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19
Q

Ring forms (young troph):

Delicate small ring with 2 chromatin dot; applique forms present

A

P. falciparum

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20
Q

Ring forms (young troph):

1/3 of cell diameter’ heavy chromatin dot

A

P. vivax

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21
Q

Ring forms (young troph):

Larger and more amoeboid than P. vivax

A

P. ovale

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22
Q

Ring forms (young troph):

Resembles falciparum applique, 2 chromatin dots:

A

P. knowlesi

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23
Q

Amoeboid form Trophozoites:

A

P. vivax

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24
Q

Band shaped trophozites:

A
  • P. malariae
  • P. knowlesi
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25
Q

Ring shape trophozoites:

A

P. ovale

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26
Q

Schizonts fill the entire RBC

A

P. vivax

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27
Q

Schizontes: Rosette or daisy head; Evenly distributed

A

P. malariae

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28
Q

Schizonts: Rosette or irregular cluster (irregular distribution)

A

P. ovale

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29
Q

Plasmodium species that has crescent or sausage-shaped gametocytes:

A

P. falciparum

30
Q

Rounded/ oval gametocytes with homogenous cytoplasm:

A

P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale
P. knowlesi

31
Q

What causes true relapse?

A

Reactivation of HYPNOZOITES; a dormant, nonreplicating form of Plasmodium parasite that can occur inside liver cells after invasion by sporozoites of the species P. vivax, P. ovale

32
Q

Blood group characteristic that is resistant to P. vivax:

A

Fy (a-b-)

33
Q

Blood group characteristics that is resistant to P. falciparum:

A
  • Sickle cell trait and anemia
  • G6PD deficiency
34
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing malaria:

A

Thick and thin smear

35
Q

Preferred sample for microscopic examination for malaria:

A

Capillary blood

36
Q

Thick smear preparation:
____ drops of blood, _____ cm away from the smear, _____ cm diameter:

A

3 drops of blood
1 cm away from the smear
1 cm diameter

37
Q

Blood smear in thick smear must _____ to allow dehemoglobinization (lyse RBC)

A

must not be fixed

38
Q

How many OIF must be finished in examination of Thick smear:

A

100 OIF

39
Q

Thin smear preparation:
______ large drop of blood

A

1 large drop of blood

40
Q

Thin smear should ______ to prevent cell lysis.

A

Thin smear should be fixed with mehanol

41
Q

Thick smear purpose:
Thin smear purpose:

A

Thick smear purpose: For rapid DETECTION
Thin smear purpose: For SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

42
Q

Malarial antigen found ONLY in P. falciparum:

A

Histidine protein 2 (HRP-2)

43
Q

Malarial antigen can be found in all malarial parasites:

A
  • Parasite Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH)
  • Plasmodium aldolase
44
Q

Test that is only positive for P. falciparum:

A

Parasight F - detects HRP-2

45
Q

Test that detects both HRP-2 and pLDH:

A

OptiMAL test

46
Q

OptiMAL test interpretation:
+2 lines:
+3 lines:

A

OptiMAL test interpretation:
+2 lines: All except P. falciparum
+3 lines: P. falciparum

47
Q

Immunochromatography test that detects HRP-2 and plasmodium aldolase

A

ICT Malaria P. f/P. v

48
Q

ICT Malaria P. f/P. v test interpretation:
+2 lines:
+3 lines:

A

ICT Malaria P. f/P. v test interpretation:
+2 lines: all except P. falciparum
+3 lines: P. falciparum

49
Q

Babesia microti resembles P. falciparum ring forms but:

A

No malarial pigments

50
Q

Babesia microti
Intermediate host:
Definitive host:

A

Babesia microti
Intermediate host: Man (or other mammals)
Definitive host: Ixodid ticks

51
Q

Pathogenesis of B. microti

A

Babesiosis
- headache
- fever
- hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria

52
Q

Causative agent of Red Water fever in cattles:

A

Babesia bigemina

53
Q

Mode of transmission of intestinal coccidia:

A

Fecal-ral route through water, food, meat

54
Q

Habitat of intestinal coccidia:

A

Small intestines. They invade enterocytes causing malabsorption & diarrhea

55
Q

Monoxenous intestinal coccidia species:

A
  • Isospora belli
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis

Note: part of “No MILCC” mnemonic, Acid-Fast organisms
“ICC” acid-fast protozoans

56
Q

Heteroxenous coccidia:

A

Sarcocystis species

57
Q

Isospora belli
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Isospora belli
Infective stage: Mature oocyst
Diagnostic stage: Immature oocyst

58
Q

Disease caused by Isospora belli

A

Isosporiasis - diarrhea in immunocompromised person

59
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Cryptosporidium parvum
Infective stage: Mature oocyst
- Thick-walled = external
- Thin-walled = internal
Diagnostic stage: Mature oocyst

60
Q

Diseases caused by Cryptosporidium parvum:

A
  • Water-borne parasite causing Gay bowel syndrome
  • Pulmonary Sporidiosis

*can cause autoinfection

61
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis
Infective stage: Mature oocyst
Diagnostic stage: Immature oocyst

62
Q

Diseases caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis

A
  • Cyclosporiasis
  • Cyclosporidiosis
63
Q

Sarcocystis species
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Sarcocystis species
Infective stage: Mature oocyst (thin-walled)
- Sporocyst
- Encysted bradyzoites in undercooked meat
Diagnostic stage: Mature oocyst (thin-walled) sporocyst

64
Q

Disease caused by Sarcocystis lindemanni:

A
  • Diarrhea in immunocompromised host
  • Myalgia (muscle pain)
65
Q

Toxoplasma stage ingested when eating undercooked meat or other animals:

A

Zoitocyst

66
Q

Toxoplasma stage transmitted in blood transfusion:

A

Tachyzoites

67
Q

Toxoplasma stage transmitted in organ transplantation:

A
  • Zoitocyst
  • Tachyzoites
  • Bradyzoite
68
Q

Toxoplasma stage transmitted from mother to fetus:

A

Tachyzoites

69
Q

SABIN’S TETRAD in toxoplasmosis:

A
  1. Retinochoroiditis
  2. Cerebral calcification
  3. Hydrocephalus or microencephalus
  4. Seizures
70
Q

Diagnostic stage of Toxoplasmosis:

A

Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
Diagnostic stage:
- Tachyzoites (blood)
- Zoitocyst (tissue)

71
Q

Sabin-Feldman dye test (+) result for toxoplasmosis:

A

(+) Toxoplasma trophozoites are not stained (with methylene blue) because their cell membrane are destroyed by the complement activated by the Ab-Ag complex

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - PARASITOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (16 decks)

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