Protozoans

Question 1

Cyst

Answer 1

dormant phase of protozoans; usually spherical

Question 2

Trophozoite

Answer 2

vegetative stage; motile feeding stage

Question 3

Protozoans are

Answer 3

unicellular, eukaryotic, heterophic, micro-organisms

Question 4

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

Answer 4

contain subphylum sarcodina & mastigophora

Question 5

Subphylum Sarcodina (amoeboid)

Answer 5

Unikonta

locomotion by pseudopods

Entamoeba histolytica & coli

Question 6

Entamoeba histolytica causative agent, locomotion, & phylum/subphylum

Answer 6

causative agent: amebiasis (amoebic dysentery)
locomotion: pseudopods
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & Sarcodina

Question 7

Entamoeba histolytica transmission

Answer 7

fecal-oral; contaminated food & water

Question 8

Entamoeba histolytica symptoms & diagnosis

Answer 8

abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus in feces

trophozoites or cysts in stool sample

Question 9

Entamoeba coli

Answer 9

non-pathogenic intestinal commensal

Question 10

Subphylum Mastigora

Answer 10

Excavata

flagellated

Giardia lamblia, Trichomonis vaginalis, Trypanosoma brucei

Question 12

Giardia lamblia causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum

Answer 12

causative agent: giardiasis
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora

Question 13

Giardia lamblia transmission

Answer 13

fecal-oral; contaminated food & water

Question 14

Giardia lamblia symptoms & dx

Answer 14

mostly asymptomatic; chronic diarrhea, dehydration, & abdominal pain

trophozoites & cysts in stool

Question 15

Trichomonas vaginalis causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum

Answer 15

causative agent: trichomoniasis (vulvovaginitis)
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora

Question 16

Trichomonas vaginalis transmission

Answer 16

STD

Question 17

Trichomonas vaginalis symptoms & dx

Answer 17

asymptomatic or mild

inflammation of genitourinary mucosal surfaces (vagina, vulva, & cervix)

trophozoite in cervical smear or wet mount, has 4 anterior flagella & an undulating membrane

Question 18

Trypanosoma brucei causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum

Answer 18

causative agent: trypanosomiasis/african sleeping sickness
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora

Question 19

Trypanosoma brucei transmission

Answer 19

tse-tse fly

Question 20

Trypanosoma brucei symptoms & dx

Answer 20

headaches, fever, anemia, fatigue

blood work

Question 21

Phylum Ciliophora

Answer 21

Alveolate

ciliated (locomotion)

Balantidium coli

Question 22

Balantidium coli causative agent, locomotion, phylum

Answer 22

causative agent: balantidiasis
locomotion: cilia
phylum: Ciliophora

Question 23

Balantidium coli transmission

Answer 23

fecal-oral route from pig (normal host)

Question 24

Balantidium coli symptoms & dx

Answer 24

mostly asymptomatic; bloody & mucoid feces trophozoite or cyst in stool

Question 25

Phylum Apicomplexa

Answer 25

Alveolate Sporozoans, non-motile Toxoplasma gondii & Plasmodium falciparum

Question 26

Phylum Apicomplexas

Question 27

Toxoplasma gondii causative agent, locomotion, phylum

Answer 27

causative agent: toxoplasmosis locomotion: non-motile phylum: Apicomplexa

Question 28

Toxoplasma gondii transmission

Answer 28

fecal-oral from cat (normal host)

Question 29

Toxoplasma gondii symptoms & dx

Answer 29

asymptomatic; fever, lymphadenopathy, and lymphocytosis antibody test

Question 30

Plasmodium falciparum causative agent, locomotion, phylum

Answer 30

causative agent: malaria locomotion: non-motile phylum: Apicomplexa

Question 31

Plasmodium falciparum transmission

Answer 31

female anopheles mosquito

Question 32

Plasmodium falciparum life cycle

Answer 32

asexual in humans erythrocytic (inside RBC) and exoerythrocytic (liver) sexual in mosquito

Question 33

Plasmodium falciparum dx & rx

Answer 33

trophozoites, schizonts, or gametocytes in peripheral blood smear

Question 34

Plasmodium falciparum resistance

Answer 34

sickle cell trait & anemia

Question 35

Identify specimen

Answer 35

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

Question 36

Identify specimen

Answer 36

Entamoeba histolytica cysts

Question 37

Identify specimen

Answer 37

Entamoeba coli trophozoite (non-pathogenic)

Question 38

Identify specimen

Answer 38

Entamoeba coli cyst

Question 39

Identify specimen

Answer 39

Balantidium coli trophozoite

Question 40

Identify specimen

Answer 40

Balantidium coli cyst (non-ciliated)

Question 41

Identify specimen

Answer 41

Giardia lambia trophozoite (2 nuclei with small karyosomes visible; 4 pairs of flagella not visible)

Question 42

Identify specimen

Answer 42

Giardia lambia cyst

Question 43

Identify specimen

Answer 43

Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite

Question 44

Identify specimen

Answer 44

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 45

Identify specimen

Answer 45

Plasmodium falciparum ring stage

Question 46

Identify specimen

Answer 46

Plasmodium schizont

Question 47

Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle

Answer 47

1. mosquito injects sporozoites (blood meal) 2. infects liver cell (exoerythocytic) 3. develops into schizont 4. schizont ruptures 5. infects blood cells & develops into immature trophozoite (ring stage/erythrocytic) & matures into gametocyte 7. mosquito blood meal (ingests gametocytes) 8. microgamete entering macrogamete 9. ookinete 10. oocyst 11. cyst ruptures & releases sporozoites