Protozoans Flashcards
Cyst
dormant phase of protozoans; usually spherical
Trophozoite
vegetative stage; motile feeding stage
Protozoans are
unicellular, eukaryotic, heterophic, micro-organisms
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
contain subphylum sarcodina & mastigophora
Subphylum Sarcodina (amoeboid)
Unikonta
locomotion by pseudopods
Entamoeba histolytica & coli
Entamoeba histolytica causative agent, locomotion, & phylum/subphylum
causative agent: amebiasis (amoebic dysentery)
locomotion: pseudopods
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & Sarcodina
Entamoeba histolytica transmission
fecal-oral; contaminated food & water
Entamoeba histolytica symptoms & diagnosis
abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus in feces
trophozoites or cysts in stool sample
Entamoeba coli
non-pathogenic intestinal commensal
Subphylum Mastigora
Excavata
flagellated
Giardia lamblia, Trichomonis vaginalis, Trypanosoma brucei
Giardia lamblia causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum
causative agent: giardiasis
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora
Giardia lamblia transmission
fecal-oral; contaminated food & water
Giardia lamblia symptoms & dx
mostly asymptomatic; chronic diarrhea, dehydration, & abdominal pain
trophozoites & cysts in stool
Trichomonas vaginalis causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum
causative agent: trichomoniasis (vulvovaginitis)
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora
Trichomonas vaginalis transmission
STD
Trichomonas vaginalis symptoms & dx
asymptomatic or mild
inflammation of genitourinary mucosal surfaces (vagina, vulva, & cervix)
trophozoite in cervical smear or wet mount, has 4 anterior flagella & an undulating membrane
Trypanosoma brucei causative agent, locomotion, phylum/subphylum
causative agent: trypanosomiasis/african sleeping sickness
locomotion: flagella
phylum & subphylum: Sarcomastigophora & mastigophora
Trypanosoma brucei transmission
tse-tse fly
Trypanosoma brucei symptoms & dx
headaches, fever, anemia, fatigue
blood work
Phylum Ciliophora
Alveolate
ciliated (locomotion)
Balantidium coli
Balantidium coli causative agent, locomotion, phylum
causative agent: balantidiasis
locomotion: cilia
phylum: Ciliophora
Balantidium coli transmission
fecal-oral route from pig (normal host)
Balantidium coli symptoms & dx
mostly asymptomatic; bloody & mucoid feces
trophozoite or cyst in stool
Phylum Apicomplexa
Alveolate
Sporozoans, non-motile
Toxoplasma gondii & Plasmodium falciparum
Phylum Apicomplexas
Toxoplasma gondii causative agent, locomotion, phylum
causative agent: toxoplasmosis
locomotion: non-motile
phylum: Apicomplexa
Toxoplasma gondii transmission
fecal-oral from cat (normal host)
Toxoplasma gondii symptoms & dx
asymptomatic; fever, lymphadenopathy, and lymphocytosis
antibody test
Plasmodium falciparum causative agent, locomotion, phylum
causative agent: malaria
locomotion: non-motile
phylum: Apicomplexa
Plasmodium falciparum transmission
female anopheles mosquito
Plasmodium falciparum life cycle
asexual in humans erythrocytic (inside RBC) and exoerythrocytic (liver)
sexual in mosquito
Plasmodium falciparum dx & rx
trophozoites, schizonts, or gametocytes in peripheral blood smear
Plasmodium falciparum resistance
sickle cell trait & anemia
Identify specimen
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
Identify specimen
Entamoeba histolytica cysts
Identify specimen
Entamoeba coli trophozoite (non-pathogenic)
Identify specimen
Entamoeba coli cyst
Identify specimen
Balantidium coli trophozoite
Identify specimen
Balantidium coli cyst (non-ciliated)
Identify specimen
Giardia lambia trophozoite (2 nuclei with small karyosomes visible; 4 pairs of flagella not visible)
Identify specimen
Giardia lambia cyst
Identify specimen
Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite
Identify specimen
Trypanosoma brucei
Identify specimen
Plasmodium falciparum ring stage
Identify specimen
Plasmodium schizont
Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle
- mosquito injects sporozoites (blood meal)
- infects liver cell (exoerythocytic)
- develops into schizont
- schizont ruptures
- infects blood cells & develops into immature trophozoite (ring stage/erythrocytic) & matures into gametocyte
- mosquito blood meal (ingests gametocytes)
- microgamete entering macrogamete
- ookinete
- oocyst
- cyst ruptures & releases sporozoites